Oral health intervention for improving overall health status of children living with HIV in Cambodia
| ISRCTN | ISRCTN15177479 |
|---|---|
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN15177479 |
| Secondary identifying numbers | 1.0 |
- Submission date
- 15/12/2017
- Registration date
- 17/01/2018
- Last edited
- 12/03/2025
- Recruitment status
- No longer recruiting
- Overall study status
- Completed
- Condition category
- Oral Health
Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Worldwide, antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically improved the mortality (death rate) of perinatally HIV-infected children. The perinatally HIV-infected children treated with ART have now reached adolescence. However, promoting high ART adherence in children is difficult due to various factors. Among HIV-uninfected children, serious dental caries (cavities) may cause eating disorders or infectious diseases. This may increase the risk of malnutrition, developmental delay or lower quality of life. If the same relationship exists among children living with HIV, oral care might help to maintain their health. However, it is unclear whether oral health status is related to the overall health including infectious diseases, or the development of children living with HIV. Cambodia has achieved success in reducing new HIV infections. However, the prevalence is rather high among South-Asian countries. Additionally, oral health is a critical issue to be tackled among children in Cambodia. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of an oral health intervention at improving overall health status among children living with HIV in Cambodia.
Who can participate?
Children 3-15 years old living with HIV and treated with antiretroviral therapy for at least three months, HIV-negative children, and their caregivers
What does the study involve?
Participants are allocated into three groups: the intervention group (group A) and two control groups (group B and C). Group A and B include children living with HIV and their caregivers. Group C includes HIV-negative children and their caregivers. The intervention group receives an intervention for two years from May 2018 to April 2020. The interventions include oral health education sessions and daily oral care. Children and caregivers in the intervention group see research monitoring assistants at the hospital every three months following the education sessions. There are no interventions for the control groups. The impact of the intervention is assessed by comparing children in the intervention and the control groups, and by assessing the changes in the intervention groups at the start, middle and end of the study.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
Participants benefit from improved oral health knowledge and behaviours. The intervention will be introduced to the control group participants immediately if it is found to have a positive impact. Hospitals are encouraged to refer if they identify minor, acute, or chronic illness in children in either the intervention or control groups. The intervention is not invasive, so the participants are not exposed to marked risks.
Where is the study run from?
National Pediatric Hospital (Cambodia)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
January 2018 to March 2022
Who is funding the study?
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Japan)
Who is the main contact?
1. Dr Kimiyo Kikuchi (public)
2. Dr Yi Siyan (scientific)
Contact information
Public
3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku
Fukuoka
812-8582
Japan
Scientific
#33, Street 71, Tonle Bassac
Chamkar Mon
Phnom Penh
3
Cambodia
Study information
| Study design | Multicentre randomized controlled trial |
|---|---|
| Primary study design | Interventional |
| Secondary study design | Randomised parallel trial |
| Study setting(s) | Other |
| Study type | Prevention |
| Participant information sheet | Not available in web format, please use the contact details to request a patient information sheet |
| Scientific title | Oral health intervention for improving overall health status of children living with HIV in Cambodia: a randomized controlled trial |
| Study hypothesis | How will the oral health intervention influence the overall health status of children living with HIV? |
| Ethics approval(s) | National Ethics Committee for Health Research, Cambodia - approval pending |
| Condition | Oral health in children with HIV infection |
| Intervention | The intervention group and two control groups will be allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio. By the nature of the study, participants and care providers will not be masked. Randomization scheme generated via a computerized algorithm will be used to assign participants to study arms. Although randomization is not blinded, recruiters will not be aware of group allocation until after participants have completed the baseline assessment. Information on group assignments will be provided to the recruiters in sealed envelopes. An intervention study will be conducted in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The intervention effectiveness will be evaluated by comparing data collected at baseline, mid-term (a year after implementing the intervention) and endline. The study participants will be included in three arms: the intervention arm (group A) and two control arms (group B and C). Targets of group A and B will include children living with HIV and their caregivers. Targets of group C will be HIV-negative children and their caregivers. For groups A and B, children will be included in the study if they are in the age group of 3 to 15 years and under ART for at least three months. For group C, children will be included in the study if they are aged 3 to 15 years old and HIV-negative. Sample size of each arm has been set in a total of 260 dyads of a child and a caregiver. The minimum required number of dyads in the three arms would be 780. Target children and caregivers will receive an intervention for two years from May 2018 to April 2020. The main components of the intervention will include oral health education sessions and being recommended to practice daily oral care. Children and caregivers in the intervention arm will see research monitoring assistants at the hospital every three months following the education sessions. There will be no intervention for the control groups. The impact of the intervention will be assessed by comparing key outcome indicators among children in the intervention and the control arms, as well as by metachronic changes of the intervention arms. The comparison between arms will be performed by measuring outcome indicators at baseline, mid-term and endline. Baseline: January 2018 Mid-term: April 2019 Endline: April 2020 Follow-up tests: every three months. Updated 01/03/2021: Baseline: January 2018 Mid-term: April 2019 Endline: January 2021 Follow-up tests: every three months. |
| Intervention type | Behavioural |
| Primary outcome measure | Current primary outcome measure as of 01/03/2021: 1. Oral health status (decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth), assessed by dental check by dentist at baseline, mid-term, and endline survey 2. Viral load, CD4 count, measured by blood examination in the routine care of people living with HIV every 3 months Previous primary outcome measure: 1. Oral health status (decayed, missing, filled permanent teeth), assessed by dental check by dentist at baseline, mid-term, and endline survey 2. CD4 count, measured by blood examination in the routine care of people living with HIV every 3 months |
| Secondary outcome measures | 1. Saliva buffer capacity, measured by examining collected saliva by rapid test kit (CAT21buf) at baseline, mid-term, and endline survey 2. Number of cariogenic bacteria, measured by examining collected saliva by rapid test kit (Cariscreen) every 3 months 3. Debris index score, measured by staining plaque with staining liquid for teeth every 3 months 4. Saliva secretion capacity: measured by examining collected saliva by rapid test kit (CAT21buf) at baseline, mid-term, and endline survey 5. Nutrition status, measured by measuring height and weight at baseline, mid-term, and endline survey 6. Quality of life, measured using Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (version 4.0) every 3 months |
| Overall study start date | 04/01/2018 |
| Overall study end date | 31/03/2022 |
Eligibility
| Participant type(s) | Mixed |
|---|---|
| Age group | Mixed |
| Sex | Both |
| Target number of participants | a) Intervention group: HIV positive children and caregivers: 260 dyads, b) Control group: HIV positive children and caregivers: 260 dyads, c) Control group: HIV negative children and caregivers: 260 dyads |
| Total final enrolment | 480 |
| Participant inclusion criteria | 1. Children living with HIV: 3-15 years old, under antiretroviral therapy for at least three months 2. HIV-negative children: 3-15 years old, HIV negative 3. Caregiver: 18 or above, child's primary caregiver |
| Participant exclusion criteria | Mentally or physically too sick to participate in the study |
| Recruitment start date | 01/02/2018 |
| Recruitment end date | 31/03/2020 |
Locations
Countries of recruitment
- Cambodia
Study participating centre
Phnom Penh
N/A
Cambodia
Sponsor information
University/education
744 Motooka, Nishi-ku
Fukuoka
819-0395
Japan
"ROR" |
https://ror.org/00p4k0j84 |
|---|
Funders
Funder type
Research organisation
Government organisation / National government
- Alternative name(s)
- KAKENHI, 日本学術振興会, Gakushin, JSPS KAKEN, JSPS Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, JSPS
- Location
- Japan
Results and Publications
| Intention to publish date | 31/03/2022 |
|---|---|
| Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to share | No |
| IPD sharing plan summary | Not expected to be made available |
| Publication and dissemination plan | Protocol will be submitted to the journal before the intervention study. Other study findings will be published in a high-impact peer reviewed journal at one year after the overall trial end date. |
| IPD sharing plan | The participant level data will not be expected to be made available because the data contains personal information of people living with HIV including sero-status of participants and their family. |
Study outputs
| Output type | Details | Date created | Date added | Peer reviewed? | Patient-facing? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protocol article | protocol | 06/12/2018 | Yes | No | |
| Results article | 28/04/2023 | 02/05/2023 | Yes | No | |
| Other publications | Baseline survey | 25/03/2021 | 12/03/2025 | Yes | No |
Editorial Notes
12/03/2025: Publication reference added.
02/05/2023: Publication reference added.
01/03/2021: The following changes were made to the trial record:
1. Total final enrolment added.
2. The overall trial end date was changed from 31/03/2021 to 31/03/2022.
3. The interventions and primary outcome measures were updated.
18/12/2018: Publication reference added.
18/01/2018: Internal review.
