Contact information
Type
Scientific
Primary contact
Prof John Burn
ORCID ID
Contact details
CAPP Office
Bioscience Centre
Times Square
Scotswood Road
Newcastle upon Tyne
NE1 4EP
United Kingdom
+44 (0)191 2331414
John.Burn@ncl.ac.uk
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Protocol/serial number
G0100496
Study information
Scientific title
Acronym
CAPP2
Study hypothesis
1. To study the effect of aspirin and/or resistant starch in a placebo controlled, double-blind randomised trial on carriers of Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer (HNPCC) (Lynch Syndrome);
2. To assess the polyp, adenoma and/or cancer recurrence in these patients during a two to four year treatment period.
Ethics approval
Not provided at time of registration
Study design
Randomised controlled trial
Primary study design
Interventional
Secondary study design
Randomised controlled trial
Trial setting
Hospitals
Trial type
Treatment
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use the contact details below to request a patient information sheet
Condition
Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)
Intervention
Targets Lynch syndrome patients/600 mg enteric coated aspirin daily or placebo AND 30 g resistant starch or placebo:
1. 600 mg aspirin/30 g treatment starch
2. 600 mg placebo tablets/30 g treatment starch
3. 600 mg aspirin/30 g placebo starch
4. 600 mg placebo tablets/30 g placebo starch
Intervention type
Drug
Phase
Not Specified
Drug names
Aspirin and resistant starch
Primary outcome measures
The primary endpoint will be the number, size and histological stage of colorectal carcinomas found after a minimum of 2 years treatment.
Secondary outcome measures
1. Adenoma size and number:
Elective removal of polyps will make fully developed cancers rare. The main outcome measure will be the number, size, location, villosity and dysplasia of adenomatous polyps
2. Apoptosis in adenomata:
A recent observation in the histology of an adenoma from a participant in CAPP1 has led us to consider that the pattern of apoptosis within adenomata is worthy of study. This is in keeping with the evidence in vivo and in vitro for an effect of aspirin on apoptosis. We will therefore request histopathological assessment of adenomas snared at colonoscopy, with special interest in signet cells and undifferentiated medullary carcinoma.
3. Cell proliferation and apoptosis in flat mucosa:
In a sub-set of participants, biopsies of flat rectal mucosa will be collected before and after treatment to test the hypothesis that altered cell proliferation (see Mills et al. 2001) and/or apoptosis is a reliable biomarker of tumorigenesis.
4. Other cancers:
Gene carriers of Lynch syndrome are at increased risk of many extracolonic cancers, and these will be systematically reported in the study group. In particular, there is a 42% lifetime risk of endometrial cancers in female gene carriers (Dunlop et al., 1997; Watson et al., 1994). These data are important in monitoring any favourable or unfavourable change in all cancers within the different study groups. In particular, it will be important to ascertain if the interventions might reduce colonic tumours while at the same time increasing upper gastrointestinal (GI) or non GI tumours. In mouse studies parallel to CAPP1, we have found a significant increase in small bowel polyps in APC knockout mice fed excess resistant starch (Burn et al., 1996). Aspirin reversed the effect. Regular aspirin use is associated with a reduced incidence of gastric cancer, a malignancy reported with increased frequency in Lynch syndrome families.
Overall trial start date
01/01/1999
Overall trial end date
31/01/2008
Reason abandoned
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
A) Genetic diagnosis:
Proven carriers of pathological mutations in mismatch repair genes
B) Clinical diagnosis:
Belong to a recognised Lynch Syndrome family based on the modified Amsterdam criteria (see below) AND have had at least one of the following events:
1. A colorectal cancer
2. An adenoma of over 5 mm diameter
3. A related carcinoma; endometrial carcinoma is particularly predictive of gene carrier status but others include small bowel, uroepithelial, or stomach
4. An adenoma under 40 years of age
5. Two or more adenomas on more than one occasion
6. Also have had an intact colon or have had only a segmental resection and have normal bowel actions
Modified Amsterdam criteria:
1. Three cases of HNPCC related cancer in the family
2. One is a first degree relative of the other two
3. One under 50 years
4. At least two generations affected
All enrolees should also:
1. Be over 25 years old. There is no upper age limit.
2. Have intact colon or have had only a segmental resection and have normal (non-medicated) bowel actions (three or fewer formed bowel actions per day).
Participant type
Patient
Age group
Adult
Gender
Both
Target number of participants
1,000
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Pregnancy (note: there have been few reports of adverse effects associated with aspirin use in pregnancy and aspirin is not regarded as a teratogen so women of child bearing age may be recruited. However, women should temporarily withdraw from the trial if they become pregnant. They can restart immediately after delivery if they are not breast feeding. If mothers are breast feeding they should not re-enter the trial until they have completed breast feeding.)
2. Medical contraindications for aspirin e.g. aspirin induced asthma, previous aspirin/Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) induced peptic ulcer, renal impairment beyond creatinine of 0.15 mmol/l, or haemorrhagic diathesis
3. Already taking NSAIDs or steroids (note: if, during participation in the trial, a participant needs to take a course of NSAIDs they should be temporarily withdrawn from all limbs of the trial)
4. Severe intercurrent disease
5. Known to be Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive (routine testing not required)
Recruitment start date
01/01/1999
Recruitment end date
31/01/2008
Locations
Countries of recruitment
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
CAPP Office
Newcastle upon Tyne
NE1 4EP
United Kingdom
Sponsor information
Organisation
Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust (UK)
Sponsor details
R&D Department
Royal Victoria Infirmary
Queen Victoria Road
Newcastle upon Tyne
NE1 4LP
United Kingdom
+44 (0)191 282 5959
craig.mackerness@trvi.nuth.northy.nhs.uk
Sponsor type
Government
Website
Funders
Funder type
Research council
Funder name
Medical Research Council (UK)
Alternative name(s)
MRC
Funding Body Type
private sector organisation
Funding Body Subtype
other non-profit
Location
United Kingdom
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
Not provided at time of registration
Intention to publish date
Participant level data
Not provided at time of registration
Results - basic reporting
Publication summary
1. 2008 results in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19073976
2. 2012 aspirin results in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22036019
3. 2012 resistant starch results in http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23140761
Publication citations
-
Results
Burn J, Bishop DT, Mecklin JP, Macrae F, Möslein G, Olschwang S, Bisgaard ML, Ramesar R, Eccles D, Maher ER, Bertario L, Jarvinen HJ, Lindblom A, Evans DG, Lubinski J, Morrison PJ, Ho JW, Vasen HF, Side L, Thomas HJ, Scott RJ, Dunlop M, Barker G, Elliott F, Jass JR, Fodde R, Lynch HT, Mathers JC, , Effect of aspirin or resistant starch on colorectal neoplasia in the Lynch syndrome., N. Engl. J. Med., 2008, 359, 24, 2567-2578, doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0801297.
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Aspirin results
Burn J, Gerdes AM, Macrae F, Mecklin JP, Moeslein G, Olschwang S, Eccles D, Evans DG, Maher ER, Bertario L, Bisgaard ML, Dunlop MG, Ho JW, Hodgson SV, Lindblom A, Lubinski J, Morrison PJ, Murday V, Ramesar R, Side L, Scott RJ, Thomas HJ, Vasen HF, Barker G, Crawford G, Elliott F, Movahedi M, Pylvanainen K, Wijnen JT, Fodde R, Lynch HT, Mathers JC, Bishop DT, , Long-term effect of aspirin on cancer risk in carriers of hereditary colorectal cancer: an analysis from the CAPP2 randomised controlled trial., Lancet, 2011, 378, 9809, 2081-2087, doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61049-0.
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Resistant starch results
Mathers JC, Movahedi M, Macrae F, Mecklin JP, Moeslein G, Olschwang S, Eccles D, Evans G, Maher ER, Bertario L, Bisgaard ML, Dunlop M, Ho JW, Hodgson S, Lindblom A, Lubinski J, Morrison PJ, Murday V, Ramesar R, Side L, Scott RJ, Thomas HJ, Vasen H, Gerdes AM, Barker G, Crawford G, Elliott F, Pylvanainen K, Wijnen J, Fodde R, Lynch H, Bishop DT, Burn J, , Long-term effect of resistant starch on cancer risk in carriers of hereditary colorectal cancer: an analysis from the CAPP2 randomised controlled trial., Lancet Oncol., 2012, 13, 12, 1242-1249, doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70475-8.