The effect of cold water immersion, massage and their combination on muscle soreness symptoms in amateur athletes
| ISRCTN | ISRCTN85372618 |
|---|---|
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN85372618 |
| Secondary identifying numbers | 05052020 |
- Submission date
- 05/05/2020
- Registration date
- 13/05/2020
- Last edited
- 14/06/2023
- Recruitment status
- No longer recruiting
- Overall study status
- Completed
- Condition category
- Musculoskeletal Diseases
Plain English summary of protocol
Background and study aims
Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is the most common clinical manifestation after intense muscle exercise for both professionals and amateur athletes. Despite the extensive research that has been performed in order to determine its origin and effective treatment, there is currently no clear scientific proof. On this basis, this research effort is primarily designed to investigate the effects of three different methods of physiotherapy to restore the delayed muscle pain.
Who can participate?
Healthy college athletes, participating in amateur sports, with no injury at the lower extremities in the last 6 months.
What does the study involve?
Participants will be randomly allocated to receive athletic massage, cold water immersion, both or neither of these, following a brief period of intense activity designed to produce DOMS. Measurements including a blood test will be taken before and after exercise up to 72 hours.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
The benefits of participation include the possibilities of evaluating the effect of an individual fatigue program on each participant evaluated at any time and the effects of the evaluated treatment on them.
The risk is small and includes the prolongation of some symptoms of DOMS such as pain and tenderness for more than 2-3 days.
Where is the study run from?
University of Patras (Greece)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
January 2020 to May 2020
Who is funding the study?
Investigator initiated and funded
Who is the main contact?
Dr Konsstantinos Fousekis, kfousekis@upatras.gr
Contact information
Scientific
Andreou Londou 46
Egio
25100
Greece
 ORCID ID |
0000-0003-1451-6529 |
|---|---|
| Phone | +30 6936767679 |
| kfousekis@upatras.gr |
Study information
| Study design | Interventional randomized controlled study |
|---|---|
| Primary study design | Interventional |
| Secondary study design | Randomised controlled trial |
| Study setting(s) | Other |
| Study type | Treatment |
| Participant information sheet | No participant information sheet available |
| Scientific title | The effect of cold water immersion, athletic massage and their combination on delayed onset muscle soreness symptoms in amateur athletes |
| Study acronym | DOMS |
| Study objectives | This research effort is primarily designed to investigate the effects of three different methods of physiotherapy to restore delayed muscle pain. |
| Ethics approval(s) | Approved 25/06/2019, Ethics committee of the University of Patras (Psaron 6, Egio PC 25100, Greece; +30 26910 22058; orthopatras@yahoo.gr), ref: 23-25/06/2019 |
| Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied | Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) |
| Intervention | Male amateur athletes will randomly be assigned by computer, to four equal groups (three intervention and one control) The interventions consist of athletic massage, cold water immersion and the combination of these two. All subjects perform a plyometric exercise consisted of consecutive drop jumps (5 sets of 20 drop jumps) according to the protocol of Nosaka and Miyama (2004), aiming at producing delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The examination and evaluation of DOMS will be based on acceptable markers such as exercise intensity (BORG) and muscle pain (VAS), upper thigh (CUT) and medial circumference (CMT), femoral rectal perimeter, with (PFRC) ) and without (PFR) contraction, knee flexion range of motion (ROM), maximal quadriceps isometric (MQI) and serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels.The control of the above parameters will be assessed in 5 conditions (at baseline, immediately after plyometric exercise, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the exercise). Control in blood serum was performed before exercise and then 24, 48, 72 hours after it. Ιmmersion in ice water: Athletes will be immersed in a container with ice water 10 ± 1oC for 10 minutes. The water level will reach up to the anterior superior iliac spine (Ascensao et al, 2011; Goodall and Howatson, 2008; Sellwood, 2007). The water temperature will be controlled with a liquid thermometer. Sports massage: Applying aggressive massage to athletes for 20 minutes, 10 minutes for each lower limb. The massage process will initially be 1 minute of gentle massage on the entire quadriceps and then application of athletic aggressive massage for 1 minute on the vastus lateralis, 1 minute on the right femur and 1 minute on the vastus medialis. The series will be repeated once again and in the remaining two minutes there will be an application of 1 minute of sports massage on the entire quadriceps and finally 1 minute of relaxing massage. The massage will be done slowly but with increased intensity so that it also affects the deep tissues (Nosaka et al., 2005; Hart et al., 2005; Jönhagen et al., 2004). |
| Intervention type | Behavioural |
| Primary outcome measure | The examination and evaluation of DOMS will be based on: 1. Exercise intensity (BORG) 2. Muscle pain (VAS) 3. Upper thigh (CUT) and medial circumference (CMT) 4. Femoral rectal perimeter, with (PFRC) and without (PFR) contraction 5. Knee flexion range of motion (ROM) 6. Maximal quadriceps isometric (MQI) 7. Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels Assessed in 5 conditions (at baseline, immediately after plyometric exercise, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the exercise). Control in blood serum was performed before exercise and then 24, 48, 72 hours after it. |
| Secondary outcome measures | None |
| Overall study start date | 10/01/2020 |
| Completion date | 30/05/2020 |
Eligibility
| Participant type(s) | Healthy volunteer |
|---|---|
| Age group | Mixed |
| Sex | Male |
| Target number of participants | 60 |
| Total final enrolment | 16 |
| Key inclusion criteria | 1. Healthy college athletes 2. Participating in amateur sports 3. No injury at the lower extremities the last 6 months |
| Key exclusion criteria | Does not meet inclusion criteria |
| Date of first enrolment | 10/05/2020 |
| Date of final enrolment | 20/05/2020 |
Locations
Countries of recruitment
- Greece
Study participating centre
Egio
25100
Greece
Sponsor information
University/education
Psaron 6
Egio
25100
Greece
| Phone | +30 6936767679 |
|---|---|
| msctherex@upatras.gr | |
| Website | http://www.upatras.gr/ |
"ROR" |
https://ror.org/017wvtq80 |
Funders
Funder type
Other
No information available
Results and Publications
| Intention to publish date | 20/06/2020 |
|---|---|
| Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to share | Yes |
| IPD sharing plan summary | Other |
| Publication and dissemination plan | Planned publication in a high-impact peer-reviewed journal. |
| IPD sharing plan | All data generated or analysed during this study will be included in the subsequent results publication. |
Study outputs
| Output type | Details | Date created | Date added | Peer reviewed? | Patient-facing? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results article | 05/12/2020 | 14/06/2023 | Yes | No |
Editorial Notes
14/06/2023: Publication reference added.
08/03/2022: The total final enrolment was added.
11/05/2020: Trial’s existence confirmed by University of Patras.
