Understanding patterns of schemas and modes in Turkish psychotherapy applicants
| ISRCTN | ISRCTN12413419 |
|---|---|
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN12413419 |
| Sponsor | PsychoNET Psychotherapy and Training Center / Psikonet Psikoterapi ve Eğitim Merkezi |
| Funder | Investigator initiated and funded |
- Submission date
- 15/06/2026
- Registration date
- 22/06/2026
- Last edited
- 22/06/2026
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Overall study status
- Ongoing
- Condition category
- Mental and Behavioural Disorders
Plain English summary of protocol
Background and Study Aims
Schema therapy describes recurring patterns in the way people understand themselves, other people, and emotional situations. These patterns are often called schemas and modes. Modes can be understood as currently activated, state-like patterns of feeling, thinking, behaving, and coping that arise in relation to schemas and emotional needs. Standard schema therapy mode work distinguishes child, maladaptive parent, coping, and Healthy Adult mode categories. This study will use existing questionnaire data from Turkish people who applied to a psychotherapy/schema therapy center for psychological assessment and/or therapy. The study will examine whether people can be grouped into meaningful profiles based on their schema and mode scores, and whether these profiles are related to depression, anxiety, and broader symptom severity.
Who Can Participate?
No new participants will be recruited. The study uses existing anonymized/de-identified assessment records from treatment-seeking individuals who applied for psychological assessment and/or psychotherapy. Records will be included if they contain enough valid questionnaire data to calculate the planned schema and/or mode scores.
What Does the Study Involve?
The study involves statistical analysis of existing questionnaire data only. The questionnaires were completed online through the psychotherapy centre's secure psychological assessment workflow as part of clinical evaluation. The researchers will calculate schema and mode scores, group similar response patterns using latent profile analysis, and compare the resulting groups on depression, anxiety, and available dimensional symptom-severity measures. No diagnostic interview, new treatment, or follow-up assessment is part of this registration.
Benefits and Risks
Participants will not receive any direct benefit because this is a secondary analysis of existing data. The main potential benefit is improved understanding of clinically meaningful schema and mode profiles among treatment-seeking psychotherapy applicants. The main risk is privacy risk, which will be managed by using anonymized/de-identified data and by not reporting identifiable individual information.
Contact information
Scientific, Public, Principal investigator
Westvest 143
Delft
2611 AZ
Netherlands
 ORCID ID |
0000-0002-7043-6761 |
|---|---|
| Phone | +31 158200240 |
| mf.vanvreeswijk@g-kracht.com |
Study information
| Primary study design | Observational |
|---|---|
| Observational study design | Cross sectional study |
| Scientific title | A cross-sectional observational secondary-data latent profile study of early maladaptive schema, schema mode, and symptom severity profiles in a Turkish treatment-seeking psychotherapy assessment sample |
| Study acronym | SchemaMode-LPA-TR |
| Study objectives | 1. To identify latent profiles based on early maladaptive schema scores only 2. To identify latent profiles based on schema mode scores only 3. To identify latent profiles based on combined schema and mode scores 4. To test whether the identified profiles differ in depression, anxiety, and dimensional symptom severity 5. To evaluate whether combined schema+mode profiles provide clinically useful information beyond schema-only or mode-only profile solutions 6. To describe the selected mode and schema+mode profiles using established schema therapy mode categories and scale-level patterns, without imposing a theoretical profile structure on the data 7. As a secondary analysis, to compare person-centered latent profile models with variable-centered models using individual schema and/or mode scores, examining whether profiles provide more parsimonious and/or stronger concurrent explanatory value for symptom severity |
| Ethics approval(s) | Ethics approval not required |
| Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied | Treatment-seeking individuals who applied to a psychotherapy/schema therapy center for psychological assessment and/or therapy. |
| Intervention | This is a cross-sectional observational secondary-data study using existing questionnaire data. Participants were clients who presented to a schema-therapy-oriented psychotherapy center in Istanbul for psychological assessment and/or therapy. As part of the center’s routine assessment workflow, they were given personal online access credentials and completed self-report psychological assessment questionnaires through the center’s secure online assessment system. For the present registered study, no new recruitment, intervention, randomization, treatment allocation, diagnostic interview, or follow-up contact takes place. The study analyses anonymized/de-identified existing data only. Each participant contributes one retained cross-sectional assessment record according to a predefined one-person-one-row rule. Participant observation for the registered study is therefore a single baseline/cross-sectional assessment time point, with no follow-up period. The source assessment data were collected between 2013 and December 2023. The registered analysis is planned as a secondary analysis of these existing data. |
| Intervention type | Other |
| Primary outcome measure(s) |
|
| Key secondary outcome measure(s) |
|
| Completion date | 31/12/2027 |
Eligibility
| Participant type(s) | |
|---|---|
| Age group | Mixed |
| Lower age limit | 18 Years |
| Upper age limit | 75 Years |
| Sex | All |
| Target sample size at registration | 7109 |
| Total final enrolment | 7109 |
| Key inclusion criteria | Existing psychotherapy-centre online assessment record from a treatment-seeking individual, with sufficient valid item-level data to compute schema and or mode scale scores for the relevant analysis, retained under the one-person-one-row rule if repeated entries are present |
| Key exclusion criteria | 1. Insufficient valid data for the required profile indicators 2. Duplicate records not retained by the one-person-one-row rule 3. Cases without depression, anxiety, or C1-C90 symptom data may be retained for profile estimation but excluded from the corresponding external-validation or symptom-characterization analyses |
| Date of first enrolment | 01/06/2026 |
| Date of final enrolment | 31/12/2026 |
Locations
Countries of recruitment
- Türkiye
Study participating centres
Results and Publications
| Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to share | No |
|---|
Study outputs
| Output type | Details | Date created | Date added | Peer reviewed? | Patient-facing? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other files | Online assessment information and consent procedure | 22/06/2026 | No | No | |
| Statistical Analysis Plan | 15/06/2026 | No | No |
Additional files
- 49714 Planned Statistical Analysis.pdf
- Statistical Analysis Plan
- 49714 psybank_online_assessment_information_and_consent_procedure_2026-06-15.pdf
- Online assessment information and consent procedure
Editorial Notes
22/06/2026: Trial's existence confirmed by Psikonet
