Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Many healthy adults suffer from sleep disturbances. Some sleep disturbances may be serious enough to interfere with normal physical, mental, social and emotional functioning. Doctors may prescribe drugs for the treatment of some sleep disturbances, but sleeping pills increase drowsiness, are potentially addictive and can cause problems with memory and attention. Therefore, sleeping pills are usually not recommended for long-term treatment of sleeping problems. Music has long been considered a complimentary therapy for sleep problems. The right kind of music may soothe people into a perfect state of relaxation. However, the effectiveness of music is not completely clear yet. Besides music, some researchers found that music videos are another kind of complementary treatment for sleep, but to date, the effectiveness of using music and music videos is not widely confirmed yet. Therefore, the aim of this study is compare the effects of music and music videos on sleep quality in adults with sleep disturbances.
Who can participate?
People aged over 20 with sleep disturbances
What does the study involve?
Participants are randomly allocated to the control, music, and music video groups. Participants in the music group listen to Buddhist music during the 4 test days (Days 2–5) for 30 minutes before sleep. Participants in the music video group watch Buddhist music videos during the 4 test days (Days 2–5) for 30 minutes before sleep. Participants in the music and the music videos groups are instructed to not listen/watch to the music/music videos on the first night (Day 1) and the final night (Day 6). The control group receive no music and no music videos. Sleep is assessed using electroencephalography (a recording of brain activity) in the participants’ homes and questionnaires.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
Participants may benefit from the chance to help society by contributing to research, and the opportunity to be the first to benefit from Buddhist music/music videos, which may be more effective than sleeping pills. Listening to music or watching music videos requires more time than just taking sleep pills, and may feel unpleasant if the music is not liked by the listeners.
Where is the study run from?
Tzu Chi University (Taiwan)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
September 2014 to June 2016
Who is funding the study?
National Science Council (Taiwan)
Who is the main contact?
Prof. Hui-Ling Lai
Study website
Additional identifiers
EudraCT/CTIS number
IRAS number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Protocol/serial number
NSC102-2628-B-320-001-MY3
Study information
Scientific title
Effects of music and music video interventions on sleep quality: a randomized controlled trial in adults with sleep disturbances
Acronym
Study hypothesis
Listening to music and watching music videos would improve sleep quality in adults with sleep disturbances.
Ethics approval(s)
Research Ethics Committee of Tzu Chi Hospital, 27/09/2013, ref: IRB102-91
Study design
Randomized controlled trial
Primary study design
Interventional
Secondary study design
Randomised controlled trial
Study setting(s)
Home
Study type
Treatment
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use the contact details to request a patient information sheet
Condition
Sleep disturbances
Intervention
A randomized controlled trial was performed on 71 adults who were recruited from the outpatient department of a hospital with 1100 beds. After collecting baseline data, participants were randomly assigned to the control, music, and music video groups. The random allocation sequence was consecutively numbered for the participants and sealed, opaque envelopes determining groups were generated using a random number generator (Microsoft Excel) by a statistician. The statistician was not involved in the rest of the study.
The interventions consisted of listening to Buddhist music or watching Buddhist-related music videos (MVs). Both music and MV interventions have positive effects on sleep quality in elderly adults with insomnia. The music had tempos ranging from 60 to 80 beats/min, while the musical tempos of MV ranged from 60 to 85 beats/min. Both of the music and MV used in this study had minor tonalities, and smooth melodies to achieve a deep relaxing effect. The research team members included a physician, registered nurses, and a musician. After collecting pretest sleep parameters on the first night (Day 1), the two music interventions were implemented on 4 consecutive nights (Days 2–5). On Day 6, no music or MV intervention was administered to evaluate the persistent effects on sleep parameters.
Participants in the music group listened to Buddhist music during the 4 test days (Days 2–5) for 30 min before nocturnal sleep. Participants in the MV group watched Buddhist music videos during the 4 test days (Days 2–5), for 30 min before nocturnal sleep. The participants in the music and the MV groups were instructed to not listen/watch to the music/MV on the first night (pretest, Day 1) and the final night (Day 6). The control group received no music and no MV intervention. Sleep was assessed using a one-channel electroencephalography machine in the participants’ homes and self-reported questionnaires.
Intervention type
Other
Primary outcome measure
Objective sleep quality, measured by electroencephalography at baseline (Day 1), Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, Day 5, and Day 6
Secondary outcome measures
Subjective sleep quality, measured by self-reported questionnaire at baseline (Day 1), Day 2, Day 3, Day 4, Day 5 and Day 6
Overall study start date
01/09/2014
Overall study end date
30/06/2016
Reason abandoned (if study stopped)
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
1. Have experienced sleep disturbances, defined as Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) > 5, sleep onset latency (SOL) > 30 min, wake time after sleep onset (WASO) > 30 min, or total sleep time (TST) ≤ 6.5 h
2. Aged ≥ 20 years
Participant type(s)
Healthy volunteer
Age group
Adult
Sex
Both
Target number of participants
71
Total final enrolment
71
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Neurological or psychiatric problems
2. Pregnant or nursing women
3. A history of alcohol or drug abuse
Recruitment start date
03/09/2014
Recruitment end date
30/04/2016
Locations
Countries of recruitment
Taiwan
Study participating centre
Tzu Chi University
970
Taiwan
Sponsor information
Organisation
Tzu Chi University
Sponsor details
No. 701
Section 3
Zhongyang RD
Hualien
970
Taiwan
Sponsor type
University/education
Website
ROR
Funders
Funder type
Research council
Funder name
National Science Council
Alternative name(s)
National Science Council, Taiwan, National Science Council of Taiwan, NSC
Funding Body Type
government organisation
Funding Body Subtype
National government
Location
Taiwan
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
The trialists plan to publish the study results in a high-impact peer reviewed journal. The study protocol and statistical analysis will be available in the journal that they intend to submit to.
Intention to publish date
09/09/2017
Individual participant data (IPD) sharing plan
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not expected to be made available because the participants' permission was not obtained.
IPD sharing plan summary
Not expected to be made available
Study outputs
| Output type | Details | Date created | Date added | Peer reviewed? | Patient-facing? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results article | results | 01/10/2017 | 22/07/2019 | Yes | No |