PENTA18: Pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir tablets in combination antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infected children

ISRCTN ISRCTN02452400
DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN02452400
Protocol serial number PENTA18 version 1.0
Sponsor The PENTA Foundation (Italy)
Funder The PENTA Foundation (Italy)
Submission date
16/06/2009
Registration date
10/07/2009
Last edited
24/06/2015
Recruitment status
No longer recruiting
Overall study status
Completed
Condition category
Infections and Infestations
Prospectively registered
Protocol
Statistical analysis plan
Results
Individual participant data

Plain English summary of protocol

http://www.ctu.mrc.ac.uk/research_areas/study_details.aspx?s=71

Contact information

Dr Elizabeth Grace Hermione Lyall
Scientific

Dept of Pediatrics
St Mary's Hospital
South Wharf Road
London
W2 1NY
United Kingdom

Hermione.lyall@imperial.nhs.uk

Study information

Primary study designInterventional
Study designOpen-label multicentre randomised phase II/III trial
Secondary study designRandomised controlled trial
Study type Participant information sheet
Scientific titlePENTA18: A study of the pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of twice-daily versus once-daily lopinavir/ritonavir tablets dosed by weight as part of combination antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infected children
Study acronymPENTA18
Study objectivesThe trial will evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, efficacy and acceptability of twice- and once-daily dosing of lopinavir/ritonavir tablets (Kaletra®) dosed by weight in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infected children who are currently taking lopinavir/ritonavir as part of their combination antiretroviral therapy and who are currently achieving virological suppression (less than 50 copies/ml). Specifically:
1. To confirm weight-based dosing recommendations by evaluating the pharmacokinetics of twice-daily lopinavir/ritonavir half strength formulation tablets dosed on body weight and comparing to historical adult and paediatric data of pharmacokinetics of lopinavir/ritonavir soft gel capsules and oral solution respectively
2. To compare the pharmacokinetics of twice-daily lopinavir/ritonavir tablets with once-daily dosing in the same children
3. To evaluate whether once-daily dosing of lopinavir/ritonavir is comparable to twice-daily dosing in terms of virological suppression at 48 weeks. Adherence and acceptability will also be compared.
Ethics approval(s)Trent Research Ethics Committee, 12/01/2010, ref: 09/H0405/49
Health condition(s) or problem(s) studiedInfectious disease - Paediatric HIV
InterventionChildren will already be taking lopinavir/ritonavir. Dosage should be adjusted to the FDA approved daily doses (based on weight bands) as part of their combined ART. Children will be randomised to take lopinavir/ritonavir once daily or twice daily (same total daily dose). Children will continue into this dosing unless they reach protocol defined criteria to switch therapy. All children will be followed until the last participant has completed 48 week follow-up.
Intervention typeDrug
PhasePhase II/III
Drug / device / biological / vaccine name(s)Lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra®)
Primary outcome measure(s)

1. HIV-1 RNA greater than or equal to 400 copies/ml (confirmed) at any of week 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 or 48
2. Area under curve (AUC), Cmin and Cmax values of lopinavir after twice-daily dosing compared to historical adult and paediatric data
3. AUC, Cmin and Cmax values of lopinavir after once-daily and twice-daily dosing (in the same children)

Key secondary outcome measure(s)

1. HIV-1 RNA less than 400/less than 50 copies/ml at 24 and 48 weeks
2. HIV-1 RNA greater than or equal to 50 and less than 400 copies/ml at any of week 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 or 48
3. Number of HIV mutations present at week 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 or 48 conferring resistance to drugs taken at randomisation or during the trial
4. Change in CD4 (absolute and percentage) from baseline to 24 and 48 weeks
5. Change in ART (defined as any change from the ART regimen at randomisation)
6. ART-related grade 3 or 4 clinical and laboratory adverse events
7. New Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stage C diagnosis or death
8. Cchild and family acceptability of and adherence to twice-daily lopinavir/ritonavir 100/25 mg tablets dosed on body weight, over 48 weeks as assessed by patient/carer completed questionnaires
9. Child and family acceptability of and adherence to once-daily compared to twice-daily dosing of lopinavir/ritonavir tablets, over 48 weeks as assessed by patient/carer completed questionnaires

Completion date01/10/2012

Eligibility

Participant type(s)Patient
Age groupChild
Upper age limit18 Years
SexAll
Target sample size at registration160
Key inclusion criteria1. Aged less than 18 years (up to 18th birthday) with confirmed HIV-1 infection, either sex
2. Weight greater than or equal to 15 kg
3. Able to swallow tablets
4. Stable (i.e. CD4 not declining) on a combination antiretroviral regimen that has included lopinavir/ritonavir for at least 24 weeks, and expected to stay on the same regimen for the next 48 weeks
5. Taking lopinavir/ritonavir dosed twice-daily and be willing at the screening visit to change to tablet formulation (if not currently taking tablets) and to change the lopinavir/ritonavir dose to follow the recommended FDA dosing plan based on body weight bands as necessary; if participating in the PK study, be willing at the screening visit to change to lopinavir/ritonavir half strength formulation tablets (100/25 mg) only, dosed twice-daily and change the lopinavir/ritonavir dose to follow the recommended FDA dosing plan based on body weight bands as necessary
6. Viral suppression (HIV-1 ribonucleic acid [RNA] less than 50 copies/ml) for at least the prior 24 weeks (minimum of two measurements)
7. Children and caregivers willing to participate in the PK study if they are among a minimum of the first 16 children enrolled in each body weight band in the trial, including a second PK assessment if randomised to switch to once-daily lopinavir/ritonavir
8. Parents/carers and children, where applicable, give informed written consent
Key exclusion criteria1. Children on an antiretroviral regimen that includes a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), fosamprenavir or nelfinavir
2. Children who have previously failed virologically on a protease inhibitor (PI)-containing regimen (where virological failure is defined as two successive HIV-1 ribonucleic acid [RNA] results greater than 1000 copies/ml [confirmed] more than 24 weeks after starting highly active anti-retroviral therapy [HAART], i.e changes for toxicity are not counted as failure)
3. Intercurrent illness
4. Abnormal renal or liver function (grade 3 or above)
5. Receiving concomitant therapy except prophylactic antibiotics
6. Pregnancy or risk of pregnancy in females of child-bearing potential
Date of first enrolment30/09/2009
Date of final enrolment01/10/2012

Locations

Countries of recruitment

  • United Kingdom
  • England
  • Austria
  • Belgium
  • Brazil
  • Denmark
  • Germany
  • Ireland
  • Italy
  • Netherlands
  • Poland
  • Spain
  • Sweden
  • Thailand

Study participating centre

St Mary's Hospital
London
W2 1NY
United Kingdom

Results and Publications

Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to shareNo
IPD sharing plan summaryNot provided at time of registration
IPD sharing plan

Study outputs

Output type Details Date created Date added Peer reviewed? Patient-facing?
Results article results 01/03/2014 Yes No
HRA research summary 28/06/2023 No No
Participant information sheet Participant information sheet 11/11/2025 11/11/2025 No Yes
Study website Study website 11/11/2025 11/11/2025 No Yes
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