The effect of choice-offering on children's vegetable consumption

ISRCTN	ISRCTN03035138
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN03035138
Secondary identifying numbers	ABR form NL 25334.081.08

Submission date: 02/06/2009
Registration date: 31/07/2009
Last edited: 25/01/2010

Recruitment status: No longer recruiting
Overall study status: Completed
Condition category: Nutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine

Prospectively registered

Protocol

Statistical analysis plan

Results

Individual participant data

Plain English summary of protocol

Not provided at time of registration

Contact information

Prof Kees De Graaf
Scientific

Wageningen University
Division of Human Nutrition
PO Box 8129
Wageningen
6700 EV
Netherlands

Email	Kees.degraaf@wur.nl

Study information

Study design	Multicentre between-subject three-arm randomised controlled trial
Primary study design	Interventional
Secondary study design	Randomised controlled trial
Study setting(s)	Other
Study type	Quality of life
Participant information sheet	Not available in web format, please use the contact details below to request a participant information sheet
Scientific title	The effect of choice-offering on children's vegetable consumption: a between-subject randomised controlled trial
Study acronym	KIK-study
Study objectives	We hypothesise that children's vegetable liking and consumption will be higher in the choice-offering condition compared to the no-choice condition.
Ethics approval(s)	The Medical Ethical Committee of Wageningen University approved on the 16th December 2008 (ref: 08/20)
Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied	Healthy eating in children and related health status
Intervention	Three treatments during a dinner situation: 1. No-choice condition: the child is not allowed to choose; the child is randomly assigned one of the two target vegetables 2. Choice-condition: the child is allowed to choose which of the two target vegetables he or she wants to eat for dinner 3. Variety-condition: the child receives both target vegetables for dinner Duration of treatment per participant for each arm/condition = 1 day; no follow-up.
Intervention type	Other
Primary outcome measure	Vegetable consumption: consumption will be assessed by subtracting the amount of vegetable left on the plate from the pre-weight, measured after the intervention (post-treatment).
Secondary outcome measures	1. Liking of the vegetables: the children will make a preference rank order for various vegetables, with the use of three categories (smileys) of liking. This preference rank-order will be performed twice. The first time is before the start of the study at school, in order to select the target vegetables. The second rank-order will be performed at the Restaurant of the Future, after the meal, to assess how the offering of the vegetables influences the pleasantness of the vegetables. We focus on the vegetable that the child ate (choose self versus no choice), but also for the vegetable that the child had seen but was not allowed to eat (choose self versus no choice). Measured before and after the intervention (pre + post- treatment). 2. Perceived choice and autonomy: to be able to check if the children experienced more choice when they were in a choice condition, we will ask the children and their parents a few questions related to choice and autonomy (Based on Intrinsic Motivation Inventory). Measured after the intervention (post-treatment). 3. Intrinsic motivation, reactance and experience of meal context: various questions will be asked to understand the process of reactance, the whole meal experience and children's intrinsic motivation. For the children, these questions will be very simple and concrete, so they can answer them reliably. The answers of the parents may help us understand how the child and his/her parent experienced the situation (Based on Intrinsic Motivation Inventory). Measured after the intervention (post-treatment). 4. Consumption of the other meal components: the consumption of potatoes and meat can influence children's vegetable consumption. Consumption will be measured by weighing before and after the meal. Measured after the intervention (post-treatment). 5. Parental consumption: we will measure parental consumption of potatoes, meat and vegetables as a measure of modelling: do parent and child eat similar portions? Do they finish the same items on the plate? Measured after the intervention (post-treatment).
Overall study start date	05/01/2009
Completion date	06/03/2009

Eligibility

Participant type(s)	Patient
Age group	Child
Lower age limit	4 Years
Upper age limit	6 Years
Sex	Both
Target number of participants	300
Key inclusion criteria	1. Healthy children aged 4 - 6 years old (girls and boys) and their parents 2. Children whose parents signed an informed consent 3. Parents who gave their consent to participate
Key exclusion criteria	1. Children without signed informed consent of their parents 2. Children with vegetable allergy 3. Children who refuse to eat target vegetables of the study
Date of first enrolment	05/01/2009
Date of final enrolment	06/03/2009

Locations

Countries of recruitment

Netherlands

Study participating centre

Wageningen University

Wageningen
6700 EV
Netherlands

Sponsor information

Wageningen University (Netherlands)
University/education

Division of Human Nutrition
PO Box 8129
Wageningen
6700 EV
Netherlands

Email	Kees.degraaf@wur.nl
Website	http://www.wageningenuniversiteit.nl/UK/
"ROR"	https://ror.org/04qw24q55

Funders

Funder type

University/education

Wageningen University (Netherlands) - Graduate Schools VLAG and Graduate School Mansholt

No information available

Results and Publications

Intention to publish date
Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to share	No
IPD sharing plan summary	Not provided at time of registration
Publication and dissemination plan	Not provided at time of registration
IPD sharing plan

Study outputs

Output type	Details	Date created	Date added	Peer reviewed?	Patient-facing?
Results article	results	01/02/2010		Yes	No