Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Many women experience pain or bleeding in early pregnancy. This is quite worrying as it may mean that the pregnancy could miscarry. Most hospitals in this country have specialist departments to look after women presenting with early pregnancy problems. They are called Early Pregnancy Units. Although there are more than 200 Early Pregnancy Units around the country attended by tens of thousands women each year, we do not know what the best way is to set them up and how to run them to respond best to women’s needs. The aim of this study is to analyse how Early Pregnancy Units operate, see how good they are at finding out whether the pregnancy is healthy or not, and how well women are treated and supported. We will also ask women to tell us about their experience of attending Early Pregnancy Units and tell us how this could be improved. We will also speak to members of staff working in the Units and ask for their opinions and suggestions. All of this information should help us to advise hospitals and the government on how to improve care for women with early pregnancy problems in the future.
Who can participate?
Pregnant women (16 years of age and over) attending Early Pregnancy Units because of early pregnancy complications
What does the study involve?
Women who agree to help us with the study are asked to complete a short health questionnaire during the clinic visit. Most women are also asked to complete a short questionnaire at least two weeks after their final visit to the unit. Some women are asked to complete a further questionnaire three months after being seen in the unit and a small number of women are asked to take part in an interview.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
Women who agree to help with the study will receive the same care as usual which will not be affected in any way by taking part. There are no risks or direct benefits to women by participating in the study. However, the results of the study should help improve women’s experience of early pregnancy care in the future.
Where is the study run from?
University College Hospital London (UK)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
November 2015 to October 2017
Who is funding the study?
National Institute for Health Research (UK)
Who is the main contact?
Davor Jurkovic
Trial website
Contact information
Type
Scientific
Primary contact
Mr Davor Jurkovic
ORCID ID
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6487-5736
Contact details
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Wing
University College London Hospital
25 Grafton Way
London
WC1E 6DB
United Kingdom
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Protocol/serial number
1.1
Study information
Scientific title
Variations in the organisation of Early Pregnancy Assessment Units (EPAUs) in the UK and their effects on clinical, service and patient-centred outcomes
Acronym
VESPA
Study hypothesis
A recent NICE guideline on “Ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage” (CG154)1 published in December 2012 emphasises the need for good quality research to establish the effectiveness of Early Pregnancy Assessment Units (EPAUs). EPAUs are dedicated units within NHS hospitals that provide specialist care to women in the first three months of pregnancy. Women who experience pain or bleeding in the first weeks of pregnancy or women with a previous miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy are routinely seen in EPAUs. While most NHS hospitals in the UK have an EPAU, there are considerable variations between EPAUs in the levels of care they provide and their accessibility to women. In addition, staffing levels vary considerably between the units. The most cost-effective organisational model for an EPAU is unknown.
Early pregnancy problems are very common with 20% of recognised pregnancies ending in miscarriage and 2% of pregnancies being complicated by an ectopic pregnancy. Given the variation amongst units, women are likely to have different experiences of the services and the care provided.
We recently completed a pilot study of seven EPAUs across London to compare several clinical and service outcomes in units with different organisational structures, staffing levels and ease of access.
The study showed differences in several important clinical outcomes between different units. We used these findings to plan a larger study which is described in this protocol.
Hypothesis: The rate of hospital admissions is lower in EPAUs with high consultant presence than in units with low consultant presence.
Ethics approval
North West - Greater Manchester Central Research Ethics Committee, 26/09/2016, ref: 16/NW/0587, IRAS 179311
Study design
Multi-methods approach including:
1. Prospective observational cohort study
2. Health economic evaluation including skill-mix and cost-utility model development
3. Patient satisfaction survey
4. Staff survey
5. Qualitative interviews with service users
6. Prospective hospital emergency care audit
Primary study design
Observational
Secondary study design
Cohort study
Trial setting
Hospitals
Trial type
Other
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use contact details to request a participant information sheet
Condition
Early pregnancy
Intervention
We propose to collect information about all women who present to a sample of EPAUs, with suspected complications of early pregnancy, for initial or follow-up visits.
The main outcome of interest is the number of women who require emergency admission and stay in hospital. This could be either because a diagnosis cannot be made with certainty in the EPAU clinic, or because of the need for further treatment.
In addition to the primary outcome we will:
1. Examine the number of follow-up visits and ultrasound scans that are required to reach a diagnosis
2. Look at the number of surgical keyhole procedures that were performed for suspected ectopic pregnancy and the number of procedures which did not confirm this diagnosis
3. Record all women who had a burst ectopic pregnancy and required a blood transfusion
4. Collect and analyse information about women’s experiences of the care they received in an EPAU and their satisfaction with it
5. Conduct workforce modelling of the most effective EPAU staffing configuration(s), based on the primary outcome
6. Conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of alternative workforce models
We have estimated that we need to include 44 EPAUs nationwide. We based our calculations on our findings from the smaller study, which showed that quality of care appears to be better in the units where senior doctors (consultants) tend to spend more time working with other staff members who are looking after pregnant women. We will ensure that the units included in the study represent a good mixture of units located within both different types of hospitals and different geographic areas within the UK. The study will last for 2 years, allowing 6 months for set-up, 12 months for data collection, and 6 months for analysis.
The research team includes clinicians, academics, and lay members, and the conduct of the study will be overseen by a Study Advisory Group. The information obtained from this study will help to better organise EPAUs nationwide in order to ensure optimal clinical outcomes in the most cost effective way.
Intervention type
Other
Phase
Drug names
Primary outcome measure
Emergency hospital admissions as a proportion of women attending Early Pregnancy Units
Secondary outcome measures
1. Ratio of new to follow-up visits
2. Proportion of non-diagnostic ultrasound scans (pregnancy of unknown location)
3. Total number of emergency admissions of women presenting with early pregnancy complications
4. Proportion of laparoscopies negative for ectopic pregnancy
5. Ruptured ectopic pregnancies requiring blood transfusion
6. Estimated blood loss at operation
7. Patient satisfaction with the quality of care received
8. Staff experience of providing care
9. Proportion of women diagnosed with miscarriage treated surgically/medically/expectantly
10. Proportion of women diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy treated surgically/medically/expectantly
11. Visits to A&E departments
12. Admissions to ITU
13. Duration of admissions
14. Waiting times from referral to assessment
15. Quality of Life measures before and after assessment of women at the EPAU during initial and follow-up visits
16. Anxiety measured on a horizontal 10cm visual analog scale
17. Cost-effectiveness of different staffing models
Overall trial start date
01/11/2015
Overall trial end date
30/10/2017
Reason abandoned (if study stopped)
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
Prospective observational cohort study (primary):
Pregnant women (16 years of age and over) attending Early Pregnancy Assessment Units because of suspected early pregnancy complications.
Health economic evaluation, patient satisfaction survey and qualitative interviews with service users:
Pregnant women (16 years of age and over) attending Early Pregnancy Assessment Units because of suspected early pregnancy complications who agree to sign a written consent to participate.
Hospital emergency care audit:
All women attending hospital emergency service because of early pregnancy complications over a period of three months.
Staff survey:
All members of staff directly involved in providing early pregnancy care.
Participant type
Patient
Age group
Adult
Gender
Female
Target number of participants
6600
Participant exclusion criteria
Health economic evaluation, patient satisfaction survey and qualitative study:
Women who are haemodynamically unstable, in severe pain and those who refuse consent to participate in the study.
Recruitment start date
01/09/2016
Recruitment end date
30/04/2017
Locations
Countries of recruitment
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
University College Hospital London
EGA Wing
25 Grafton Way
London
WC1E 6DB
United Kingdom
Funders
Funder type
Government
Funder name
National Institute for Health Research
Alternative name(s)
NIHR
Funding Body Type
government organisation
Funding Body Subtype
Federal/National Government
Location
United Kingdom
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
To be confirmed at a later date
Intention to publish date
30/10/2018
Participant level data
Not expected to be available
Basic results (scientific)
Publication list