Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has been progressing eradication of the viruses measles and rubella (MR) around the world. In Indonesia, the Government has set MR eradication as a priority, after successfully eliminating other viruses such as smallpox and polio. Measles and rubella are still a problem, with over 23,000 measles and over 30,000 rubella cases reported in Indonesia between 2010 and 2015.
Indonesia now has a National MR Campaign, which aims to address the problems with MR and achieve immunisation coverage across Indonesia. Phase 1 of this campaign was completed between August and October 2017, and Phase 2 is scheduled to begin in August and September 2018 across 28 provinces and 395 districts of Indonesia. For daily feedback on campaign progress, a real-time monitoring platform called RapidPro has been used for program monitoring, data collection and information sharing. RapidPro is used in Indonesia with the aim of quickly identifying problem areas and better targeting of corrective action and outreach.
This study aims to look at the effects of RapidPro on achieving the goals of the National MR Campaign, with a focus on immunisation coverage.
Who can participate?
Officers assigned and/or directly related to MR campaign implementation
What does the study involve?
This study will use data from RapidPro to look at how much the platform is used, whether targets are being achieved, and how complete reports are. RapidPro users will be surveyed to determine their satisfaction, problem identification and corrective action. Additionally, there will be interviews with users from all levels in a wide range of environments, to gain a better understanding of their use of RapidPro.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
Informants will help inform future adoption of RapidPro for other immunization campaigns and routine immunization. Participants will receive a small gift as token of appreciation and to reimburse their time given to participate in this study. Furthermore, sharing their experience may be personally beneficial to their understanding of their work task and personal reflection of their corrective action; which in turn may increase their professional performance afterwards. There are no known risks to participants taking part in this study. We guarantee anonymity of informants and interviews will only be conducted after consent obtained. Informants are allowed to withdraw anytime or refuse to respond any question that they do not wish to answer.
Where is the study run from?
1. Reconstra (Indonesia)
2. HealthEnabled (South Africa)
3. UNICEF Indonesia (Indonesia)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
July 2018 to December 2018
Who is funding the study?
GAVI, The Vaccine Alliance (Switzerland)
Who is the main contact?
Iwan Ariawan (iwan.ariawan@reconstra.com) (representing Reconsta, one of the study developers)
Trial website
Contact information
Type
Scientific
Primary contact
Mr Iwan Ariawan
ORCID ID
Contact details
Menara Kadin
Regus Business Centre
30th Floor
Suite 26. Jalan Haji R. Rasuna Said Kav. 2 - 3 Blok X-5
Kuningan
Kuningan Timur
RT.1/RW.2
Kuningan Tim.
Kota Jakarta Selatan
Daerah Khusus Ibukota
Jakarta
12950
Indonesia
+62816894777
iwan.ariawan@reconstra.com
Type
Scientific
Additional contact
Ms Patricia Mechael
ORCID ID
Contact details
Unit E7A
Westlake Square
Westlake Drive
Westlake
Cape Town
7945
South Africa
+1 (973) 222-8252
patty@healthenabled.org
Type
Public
Additional contact
Miss Hafizah Jusril
ORCID ID
Contact details
Menara Kadin
Regus Business Centre
30th Floor
Suite 26. Jalan Haji R. Rasuna Said Kav. 2 - 3 Blok X-5
Kuningan
Kuningan Timur
RT.1/RW.2
Kuningan Tim.
Kota Jakarta Selatan
Daerah Khusus Ibukota
Jakarta
12950
Indonesia
+6281931152860
hafizahjusril@gmail.com
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
Nil known
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Nil known
Protocol/serial number
Nil known
Study information
Scientific title
Effective use of an SMS real time monitoring platform on Indonesia's National Measles and Rubella Immunization Campaign: a mixed methods evaluation of RapidPro
Acronym
RapidPro MR
Study hypothesis
We hypothesise that the effective use of RapidPro and RapidPro data will improve the tracking of immunisation coverage, identification of problems and monitoring the effects of corrective action, therefore increasing effectiveness and efficiency in reaching national measles and rubella immunisation coverage in Indonesia.
Ethics approval
Approved 03/10/2018, Ethics Board Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia (Gedung A lantai 3 Rumpun Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Indonesia Depok Campus, Depok (city), Jawa Barat (province), Indonesia, 16424; Tel: +62 (0)21 7864975; Email: humas.fkm@ui.ac.id), No 695/UN2.F10/PPM.00.02/2018
Study design
Observational prospective longitudinal study
Primary study design
Observational
Secondary study design
Longitudinal study
Trial setting
Other
Trial type
Prevention
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use contact details to request a participant information sheet
Condition
Measles
Rubella
Intervention
Employing mix method approach, the use of RapidPro in all health facilities in 28 provinces and 395 districts during Phase 2 of the National Measles-Rubella campaign in Indonesia will be evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative component will involve 2 main activities. First, a weekly data export from RapidPro will be analysed, to assess the following:
1. High versus moderate versus passive users
2. Daily target achievement data
3. Time to achieve 80% and 95% of target
4. Completeness of reporting, with a focus on dose response and outcomes (coverage, data completeness, and efficiency).
Second, a mobile-based survey (U Report Survey) will be conducted, where questions will be sent to all RapidPro users to assess perceived satisfaction, problem identification, and corrective action-to be conducted at end of school campaign (August 2018) and the end of the community-based campaign (September 2018).
The qualitative component will involve in-depth interviews with RapidPro reporters (Iimunisation coordinators at community health facilities) and receivers (district health office, province health office, Ministry of Health). In addition to analysis at the central level, we will visit 6 provinces (multi-stage random sampling, stratified by risk and readiness profile) to understand how RapidPro and its data is being used by stakeholders to achieve and measure the achievement of the MR Campaign targets at all levels of the health system.
Intervention type
Mixed
Phase
Drug names
Primary outcome measure
RapidPro effectiveness, translated as tracking immunisation coverage, assessed using secondary analysis of RapidPro data by comparing timely target achievement between highly vs moderate vs passive users on every two weeks during the campaign (August - October 2018)
Secondary outcome measures
1. RapidPro effectiveness, translated as perceived satisfaction, problem identification, and corrective action taken by RapidPro users, assessed using a mobile based survey in the final weeks of the campaign (end of September - October 2018)
2. Effective use of RapidPro, translated as stakeholders experience on using RapidPro to achieve and measure the achievement of the MR Campaign targets, assessed using an in-depth interview during the final weeks of the campaign (end of September - October 2018)
Overall trial start date
01/07/2018
Overall trial end date
31/12/2018
Reason abandoned (if study stopped)
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
Participants should be any of the following:
1. Central level: Immunisation program managers at MoH, UNICEF, and WHO
2. Province level: Immunisation program managers at Province Health Offices
3. District level: Immunisation program managers at District Health Offices
4. Sub-district level: Immunisation coordinators at community health center (Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat)
Participant type
Mixed
Age group
Adult
Gender
Both
Target number of participants
Qualitative component participants are at least 81 participants. We also anticipate some proportion of the 7000 users of RapidPro to participate in the mobile survey and will be analysing aggregated data on the number of children immunized throughout the campaign from over 6000 health facilities on 28 provinces in Indonesia.
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Stakeholders who are not entering and/or receiving RapidPro data
2. Stakeholders who are not stationed at selected study sites
3. Stakeholders who decline to participate on study.
Recruitment start date
01/09/2018
Recruitment end date
31/10/2018
Locations
Countries of recruitment
Indonesia
Trial participating centre
PT. Reconstra Utama Integra
Menara Kadin, Regus Business Centre, 30th Floor, Suite 26. Jalan Haji R. Rasuna Said Kav. 2 - 3 Blok X-5, Kuningan, Kuningan Timur, RT.1/RW.2, Kuningan Tim., Kota Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12950
Jakarta
12950
Indonesia
Trial participating centre
HealthEnabled
Unit E7A, Westlake Square, Westlake Drive, Westlake Cape Town, 7945, South Africa
Cape Town
7945
South Africa
Trial participating centre
UNICEF Indonesia
10th Floor, World Trade Center 6, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman, RT.8/RW.3, Kuningan, Karet, Jakarta, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12920
Jakarta
12920
Indonesia
Sponsor information
Organisation
Gavi, The Vaccine Alliance
Sponsor details
Global Health Campus
Chemin du Pommier 40
1218 Grand-Saconnex
Geneva
1218
Switzerland
+41 (0)22 909 6500
info@gavi.org
Sponsor type
Other
Website
Funders
Funder type
Other
Funder name
GAVI Alliance
Alternative name(s)
Gavi
Funding Body Type
private sector organisation
Funding Body Subtype
Trusts, charities, foundations (both public and private)
Location
Switzerland
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
We aim to submit at least one paper to a peer reviewed journal by the end of January 2019.
IPD sharing statement:
RapidPro generated data will provide information on immunisation coverage on daily basis: number of children immunized as submitted by RapidPro users. Please kindly find details asked on U Report Survey and In-depth interviews attached (Rapidpro tools.pdf). Consent will be obtained from U Report survey participants and interview informants prior data collection. The data will be posted after the study is completed in conjunction with submission of findings to peer-review journals. It will be made available indefinitely or for as long as the database it is housed within makes it available.
Intention to publish date
31/08/2019
Participant level data
Available on request
Basic results (scientific)
Publication list