Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
With every heartbeat the aortic valve opens to allow blood to leave the main pumping chamber of the heart to supply the tissues and organs of the human body. Over time and as a natural consequence of ageing, the aortic valve leaflets (there are usually three) can become stiff, open less well and the valve opening (orifice) is narrowed as a result. This is called aortic valve stenosis, which is the most common form of heart valve disease in the developed world. The aortic valve orifice can become so narrowed that an individual can become symptomatic and suffer chest pain, shortness of breath, a reduction in exercise capacity and loss of consciousness. Before these symptoms can take hold it is standard medical practice for the patient to be considered for aortic valve replacement via open heart surgery. Indeed severe symptomatic aortic stenosis is often fatal if left untreated, whilst timely relief of the mechanical obstruction can restore normal life expectancy. Surgical aortic valve replacement is an operation associated with a small but significant risk of death and other complications. In those patients who may be frail and/or suffer other medical problems, that risk may be heightened to such an extent that the benefits of the operation may be outweighed by the risks attached. In the past, patients declined for an aortic valve operation would have no other alternative but to continue their tablet therapy. In 2002, the first transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedure was performed. This was a new method of replacing the aortic valve without having to perform open heart surgery. With TAVI a replacement aortic valve, fashioned from cow or pig heart tissue mounted on an expandable metallic frame, is placed across the native aortic valve via a main artery in the groin, chest, or neck or directly through the bottom tip of the heart via a small incision in the lower left ribcage. The TAVI procedure has now become established as a therapeutic strategy for the management of severe aortic stenosis in those patients who do not qualify for a surgical aortic valve replacement. The close proximity of the aortic valve apparatus to the native electrical conduction system of the heart lends to an increased propensity for the development of excessively slow heart rhythms. Following traditional surgical aortic valve replacement, for instance, a permanent pacemaker is required in 2-8% of patients postoperatively to prevent the heart rate from falling too low. Following a TAVI procedure the occurrence of electrical conduction abnormalities can be even higher. For the purposes of the 3B Study, we are focusing on a specific heart rhythm abnormality called Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB), which has been noted to occur following a small percentage of TAVI procedures. The exact percentage of patients likely to suffer LBBB following a TAVI procedure is unknown as is its relation to harmful complications such as an impairment in the overall pumping function of the heart, and more seriously, whether the emergence of LBBB can increase the likelihood of death following a TAVI procedure. We will study, in a retrospective fashion, all the TAVI procedures that have taken place since the inception of the service at each participating institution up until the 31st of December 2013. This study will represent the largest database of TAVI procedures in which the occurrence of LBBB post procedure has been analysed in the medical literature to date. The information gleaned from the study will help us to determine the prognostic significance of LBBB post TAVI procedure. If LBBB is found to be detrimental to the survival of patients post TAVI, further studies can then be designed to determine what therapeutic interventions can be put in place to improve outcome in this specific patient subgroup.
Who can participate?
Patients undergoing the TAVI procedure at one of the participating centres within the period from the start of the TAVI programme at their trial participating centre until the 31st December 2013.
What does the study involve?
For all the participants in the study we will determine: (1) how many developed LBBB following TAVI; (2) whether the development of LBBB led to an increased risk of death within a year following the TAVI operation; (3) whether the development of LBBB led to an increased risk of death from a cardiovascular cause 1 year after the TAVI operation; and (4) whether the development of LBBB led to a reduction in the pumping function of the heart at 30 days and at 1 year after the TAVI operation.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
There are no benefits of risks associated with taking part in this study
Where is the study run from?
A total of 18 NHS hospitals across the UK
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
February 2015 to December 2015
Who is funding the study?
King's College London (UK)
Who is the main contact?
1. Dr Satpal Arri (public)
satpal.arri@gmail.com
2. Dr Aung Myat (public)
aung.myat@nhs.net (scientific)
3. Professor Simon Redwood
simon.redwood@gstt.nhs.uk
Trial website
Contact information
Type
Public
Primary contact
Dr Satpal Arri
ORCID ID
Contact details
The Rayne Institute BHF Centre of Research Excellence
4th Floor
Lambeth Wing
St Thomas' Hospital
Westminster Bridge Road
London
SE1 7EH
United Kingdom
+44 (0)207 188 1008
satpal.arri@gmail.com
Type
Public
Additional contact
Dr Aung Myat
ORCID ID
Contact details
The Rayne Institute BHF Centre of Research Excellence
4th Floor
Lambeth Wing
St Thomas' Hospital
Westminster Bridge Road
London
SE1 7EH
United Kingdom
+44 (0)207 188 1008
aung.myat@nhs.net
Type
Scientific
Additional contact
Dr Simon Redwood
ORCID ID
Contact details
Cardiothoracic Directorate
6th Floor
East Wing
St Thomas' Hospital
Westminster Bridge Road
London
SE1 7EH
United Kingdom
+44 (0)207 188 1083
simon.redwood@gstt.nhs.uk
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Protocol/serial number
Version 1.0
Study information
Scientific title
New left bundle branch block following transcatheter aortic valve implantation and its effect on survival - a United Kingdom experience.
Acronym
The 3B Investigators Study
Study hypothesis
New onset left bundle branch block after successful transcatheter aortic valve implantation increases 1-year all cause mortality.
Ethics approval
National Research Ethics Service (NRES) Committee North West - Lancaster of the National Health Service of the United Kingdom, 18/11/2014, ref: 14/NW/1456
Study design
A retrospective United Kingdom multi-centre observational registry
Primary study design
Observational
Secondary study design
Cohort study
Trial setting
Hospitals
Trial type
Other
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use the contact details to request a patient information sheet
Condition
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for the percutaneous treatment of calcific degenerative aortic valve stenosis.
Intervention
Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is the most common conduction abnormality following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Whilst LBBB in the post surgical and heart failure population is known to carry a poor prognosis, the prognostic significance of new LBBB following TAVI is less well delineated. TAVI-induced LBBB has been shown to negatively affect cardiac function and increase re-hospitalisation, although its direct impact on mortality remains a subject of increasing relevance and continuing debate. This UK-wide retrospective observational registry aims to gain further insight into the prognostic significance of newly diagnosed LBBB in all patients undergoing successful TAVI device implantation (irrespective of device manufacturer) from inception of the TAVI programme at a participating institution to the 31st of December 2013.
Intervention type
Procedure/Surgery
Phase
Drug names
Primary outcome measure
All-cause mortality at 1 year following transcatheter aortic valve implantation.
Secondary outcome measures
1. Cardiovascular mortality at 1 year following transcatheter aortic valve implantation
2. Need for permanent pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve implantation
3. Left ventricular ejection fraction at 30 days and at 1 year following transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Overall trial start date
18/02/2015
Overall trial end date
01/12/2015
Reason abandoned (if study stopped)
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
All patients undergoing successful transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), irrespective of device manufacturer, from the inception of the TAVI programme at the participating institution until the 31st December 2013
Participant type
Patient
Age group
Adult
Gender
Both
Target number of participants
400
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Previous/pre-existing permanent pacemaker in situ
2. Unsuccessful transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedure
Recruitment start date
18/02/2015
Recruitment end date
01/12/2015
Locations
Countries of recruitment
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
St Thomas' Hospital
Westminster Bridge Road
London
SE1 7EH
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Denmark Hill
London
SE5 9RS
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust
Tremona Road
Southampton
Hampshire
SO16 6YD
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust
177 Preston Road
Brighton
BN1 6AG
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust
Level 3, John Radcliffe Hospital
Headley Way
Headington
Oxford
OX3 9DU
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
The London Chest Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust
Bonner Road
London
E2 9JX
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust
Upper Maudlin Street
Bristol
BS2 8HW
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Thomas Drive
Liverpool
Merseyside
L14 3PE
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre
Birmingham
B15 2TH
Trial participating centre
Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Papworth Everard
Cambridge
CB23 3RE
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
Du Cane Road
London
W12 0HS
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
University Hospital of North Staffordshire NHS Trust
Newcastle Road
Stoke-on-Trent
Staffordshire
ST4 6QG
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
Nottingham
-
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Newcastle-upon-Tyne
-
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust
Belfast
-
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust
Plymouth
-
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
Leeds
-
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
The Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust
Sydney Street
London
SW3 6NP
United Kingdom
Sponsor information
Organisation
King's College London
Sponsor details
K0.58 King's Building Strand Campus
London
WC2 R2LS
United Kingdom
+44 (0)207 848 6960
barbara.dahill@kcl.ac.uk
Sponsor type
University/education
Website
Funders
Funder type
University/education
Funder name
King’s College London
Alternative name(s)
Funding Body Type
private sector organisation
Funding Body Subtype
academic
Location
United Kingdom
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
We intend to publish a methods/protocol paper very shortly which will detail the study design as already described on the ISRCTN registry application. Thereafter the main results paper will be submitted to a major international general medical journal.
IPD sharing statement
Participant level data has been analysed statistically and the results of said analysis will be described in the manuscript currently being written. If the journal requires us to include parts of the dataset in an unidentifiable form in the Supplementary Appendix, we shall do so. The entire dataset includes over 1200 individual patient records and will be held on password-protected institutional databases.
Intention to publish date
01/09/2018
Participant level data
Other
Basic results (scientific)
Publication list