Can a specialised antenatal clinic help pregnant women quit smoking and reduce the risk of complications for mother and baby?
| ISRCTN | ISRCTN11214785 |
|---|---|
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN11214785 |
| Secondary identifying numbers | STOPtrial |
- Submission date
- 29/01/2018
- Registration date
- 08/02/2018
- Last edited
- 27/10/2022
- Recruitment status
- No longer recruiting
- Overall study status
- Completed
- Condition category
- Pregnancy and Childbirth
Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Smoking during pregnancy results in poor outcomes for both mother and baby, in addition to many long-term consequences for the child. Smoking is associated with miscarriage, stillbirth, growth restriction in the womb, preterm birth and problems with the placenta during pregnancy. It is known that smoking is one of the biggest preventable risk factors for illness in a mother and baby. Importantly, stopping smoking while pregnant improves outcomes for both mother and baby. In the Coombe Hospital, over 1 in 10 women are smoking during their pregnancy. Babies of pregnant smokers suffer from growth restriction while in the womb, with this effect particularly seen in the later stages of pregnancy. Stopping smoking can prevent this. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of a dedicated 'quit smoking' antenatal clinic in pregnancy on quitting smoking rates, growth of the baby, and on mother and baby outcomes.
Who can participate?
Healthy pregnant women aged 18 and older who smoke.
What does the study involve?
Participants are randomly allocated to one of two groups. Those in the first group attend a specialised clinic (the STOP clinic) where all their care is managed by a 'quit smoking' team of obstetricians, midwives and experts in stopping smoking. At each visit participants are asked about their current smoking habits and have their current carbon monoxide levels measured by a simple breath test. Participants also receive ultrasound scans to measure blood flow and growth in the placenta and baby, and receive two extra scans at 32 and 36 weeks. Those in the second group have normal care in the Coombe with an obstetrician or midwife. This group is split into two further groups. Those in the first group have the two extra scans at 32 and 36 weeks, and the second group has no extra scans.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
Participants may benefit from potentially quitting smoking which is of enormous benefit to both them and their baby. Additionally, they may receive extra scans in their pregnancy. There are no risks to participating in the study.
Where is the study run from?
Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital (Ireland)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
August 2017 to January 2020
Who is funding the study?
Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital and ‘Friends of the Coombe’ (Ireland)
Who is the main contact?
Dr Brendan McDonnell (Scientific)
Contact information
Scientific
Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital
Dublin
D08 XW7X
Ireland
 ORCID ID |
0000-0001-8132-0097 |
|---|
Study information
| Study design | Single-centre pragmatic randomised controlled trial |
|---|---|
| Primary study design | Interventional |
| Secondary study design | Randomised controlled trial |
| Study setting(s) | Hospital |
| Study type | Prevention |
| Participant information sheet | ISRCTN11214785_PIS_06Dec2018.docx |
| Scientific title | Smoking cessation Through Optimisation of clinical care in Pregnancy - the STOP trial |
| Study acronym | STOP |
| Study hypothesis | The aim of the study is to assess whether a novel smoking cessation antenatal clinic tailored to assist smoking cessation, incorporating a smoking cessation practitioner leads to better maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancy, and whether it helps more women to achieve cessation during pregnancy. |
| Ethics approval(s) | Coombe Women and Infants University Hospital Research and Ethics Committee, 10/01/2018, ref: Study 25-2017 |
| Condition | Smoking in pregnancy |
| Intervention | Current intervention as of 06/12/2018: Women who smoke in pregnancy are randomised at first visit to either the STOP clinic or 'routine care'. In the STOP clinic, they have consultant-led antenatal care with the addition of a dedicated smoking cessation practitioner who is in-built into the clinic. As smokers are at risk of late-onset intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) they are scanned at 32 and 36 weeks gestation. 225 women are assigned to the intervention arm and 226 to 'routine care' - 113 of the routine care group receive the additional scans at 32 and 36 weeks, and 113 who do not receive any additional scans. Smoking status is biologically quantified and measured at each visit. They receive smoking cessation reviews at booking visit, 1 week post quit date, 4 weeks, 3 months and 6 months or end of pregnancy. A final cessation status is recorded in the postnatal period. Previous intervention: Women who smoke in pregnancy are randomised at first visit to either the STOP clinic or a pre-defined 'routine care'. In the STOP clinic, they have consultant led antenatal care with the addition of a dedicated smoking cessation practitioner who is in-built into the clinic. As smokers are at risk of late-onset intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) they are scanned at 32 and 36 weeks gestation. 300 women are assigned to the intervention arm and 300 to pre-defined 'routine care' - 150 of the routine care group receive the additional scans at 32 and 36 weeks, and 150 who do not receive any additional scans. Smoking status is biologically quantified and measured at each visit. They receive smoking cessation reviews at booking visit, one week post quit date, 4 weeks, three months and six months/end of pregnancy. A final cessation status is recorded in the postnatal period. |
| Intervention type | Behavioural |
| Primary outcome measure | Self-reported continuous abstinence from smoking between the quit date and end of pregnancy (quit date is targeted as being at or before 16 weeks gestation and no further than 28 weeks gestation). This is validated using the exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) or urinary cotinine measured at one week, four weeks, three months and six months post quit date. |
| Secondary outcome measures | 1. Reduced cigarette intake at 3 months post quit date, 6 months post quit date, end of pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum, validated using the exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) or urinary cotinine 2. Urge to smoke, measured using behavioural questionnaire at the end of pregnancy and 6 months after the birth 3. Tobacco withdrawal symptoms, measured using behavioural questionnaire at end of pregnancy and 6 months after the birth 4. Self- confidence in stopping smoking, measured using behavioural questionnaire at end of pregnancy and 6 months after the birth 5. Self-reported depression, measured using questionnaire at end of pregnancy and 6 months after the birth 6. Fetal morbidity and mortality outcomes are prospectively collected: 6.1. Miscarriage 6.2. Stillbirth 6.3. Neonatal death 6.4. Birth weight 6.5. Estimated fetal weight at 32 weeks 6.6. Estimated fetal weight at 36 weeks 6.7. Spontaneous pre-term birth 6.8. Iatrogenic pre-term birth 6.9. Birth injury 6.10. Neonatal complication 6.11. Oxygen dependence 6.12. Admission to neonatal unit 6.13. Length of stay of neonate 7. Maternal morbidity and mortality outcomes are prospectively collected: 7.1. Maternal death 7.2. Mode of delivery 7.3. Need for induction/delivery 7.4. Maternal need for intensive care 7.5. Maternal length of stay 7.6. Pre-eclampsia 7.7. Pregnancy induced hypertension 7.8. Postpartum haemorrhage 7.9. Blood transfusion 7.10. Late maternal complication 8. Satisfaction with results of care, measured using questionnaire in postnatal period 9. Confidence as an active participant in health care decisions, measured using questionnaire in postnatal period 10. Confidence in healthcare providers, measured using questionnaire in postnatal period 11. Birth experience, measured using questionnaire in postnatal period |
| Overall study start date | 01/08/2017 |
| Overall study end date | 31/12/2020 |
Eligibility
| Participant type(s) | Patient |
|---|---|
| Age group | Adult |
| Lower age limit | 18 Years |
| Sex | Female |
| Target number of participants | 450 |
| Total final enrolment | 434 |
| Participant inclusion criteria | 1. ≥ 18yrs old 2. Singleton pregnancy 3. Smoking ≥ 1 cigarette daily 4. English language spoken |
| Participant exclusion criteria | 1. Significant maternal medical disorder, eg. cardiac, haematological or endocrine disease (including GDM on metformin or insulin) requiring specialised maternal antenatal care. 2. Significant maternal psychiatric disorder, eg. delusional or psychotic disorders, severe depression requiring hospitalisation, use of ≥2 psychotropic drugs for treatment. 3. Serious co-morbid addiction issues eg opiate abuse, methadone maintenance program 4. Positive serology requiring specialised antenatal care 5. Significant fetal anomaly defined as aneuploidy, life limiting or lethal fetal anomaly 6. Intellectual disability or lack of capacity 7. Poor English / No English |
| Recruitment start date | 12/02/2018 |
| Recruitment end date | 11/03/2020 |
Locations
Countries of recruitment
- Ireland
Study participating centre
Dublin 8
D08 XW7X
Ireland
Sponsor information
University/education
123 St Stephen's Green
Dublin
D02 YN77
Ireland
| Website | www.rcsi.ie |
|---|---|
"ROR" |
https://ror.org/01hxy9878 |
Hospital/treatment centre
Cork Street
Dublin
D08 XW7X
Ireland
| Website | www.coombe.ie |
|---|
Funders
Funder type
Charity
No information available
Results and Publications
| Intention to publish date | 01/01/2021 |
|---|---|
| Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to share | Yes |
| IPD sharing plan summary | Available on request |
| Publication and dissemination plan | This project will be written up as a publicly available thesis in RCSI. Academic research papers will be written and published in peer reviewed journals by the research team. The outcomes of our research will be presented at national obstetric and public health forums. Additionally, the research team plan to present their work widely at both national and international conferences. Plans to publish the trial protocol in full later this year in a peer reviewed journal. |
| IPD sharing plan | The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are/will be available upon request from Dr Brendan McDonnell bmcdonnell@rcsi.ie |
Study outputs
| Output type | Details | Date created | Date added | Peer reviewed? | Patient-facing? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participant information sheet | 06/12/2018 | 06/12/2018 | No | Yes | |
| Protocol article | protocol | 03/09/2019 | Yes | No | |
| Results article | 07/10/2022 | 27/10/2022 | Yes | No |
Additional files
- ISRCTN11214785_PIS_06Dec2018.docx
- Uploaded 06/12/2018
Editorial Notes
27/10/2022: Publication reference added.
06/07/2020: The intention to publish date was changed from 01/01/2020 to 01/01/2021.
29/04/2020: The following changes were made to the trial record:
1. The recruitment end date was changed from 01/03/2020 to 11/03/2020.
2. The total final enrolment number was added.
09/01/2020: The following changes have been made:
1. The recruitment end date has been changed from 01/12/2019 to 01/03/2020.
2. The overall trial end date has been changed from 01/06/2020 to 31/12/2020.
05/09/2019: Publication reference added.
19/12/2018: The public title has been changed from "The STOP project - a trial of a 'quit smoking' intervention in pregnancy to achieve better outcomes for mother and baby" to "Can a specialised antenatal clinic help pregnant women quit smoking and reduce the risk of complications for mother and baby?”.
06/12/2018: The following changes have been made:
1. The scientific title has been changed from "The STOP project - Smoking cessation Through Optimisation of clinical care in Pregnancy" to "'Smoking cessation Through Optimisation of clinical care in Pregnancy - the STOP trial".
2. The recruitment end date has been changed from 01/04/2019 to 01/12/2019.
3. The overall trial end date has been changed from 01/01/2020 to 01/06/2020.
4. The intervention has been changed.
5. The total target enrolment has been changed from 600 to 450.
6. A patient information sheet has been uploaded.
08/02/2018: Recruitment start date corrected.
