Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Dentofacial deformities are caused by discrepancies in the shape and size of the jaws, leading to dental malocclusions (misalignment) and facial disharmony. This condition is traditionally addressed with a combined orthodontic and surgical treatment, consisting of a previous phase of orthodontics with fixed brackets to align teeth, orthognathic surgery to put the upper and lower jaw in their ideal position, and a final phase of orthodontics to make the final adjustments. In the last few decades, clear removable aligners such as Invisalign have become very popular due to their convenience, ease of use and aesthetics. However, clear aligners have been little used in the orthognathic surgery field. The aim of this study is to compare the advantages of clear aligners with traditional fixed brackets, in terms of oral health and patients' satisfaction, when used in orthognathic surgery.
Who can participate?
Patients with dentofacial deformities who seek an ortho-surgical correction of their problem
What does the study involve?
Participants undergo a complete orthodontic and surgical study to see if they are eligible for this type of surgery, undergo 3D planning and virtual surgery to decide the dental movements and the movements of the jaws, and are randomly allocated to one of the two groups of the study (brackets and Invisalign). They are treated with bonding of brackets in the first group, and dental scanning for the manufacture of the clear aligners in the second group, and undergo orthognatic surgery under general anaesthetic, recovery from surgery, periodontal measurements, and quality of life questionnaires. Participants attend the usual appointments with the orthodontist and the surgeon during the healing process and the brackets are removed when treatment is completed. All these steps are the usual daily practice, only periodontal measurements and answering the questionnaires are specific to this study.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
The benefits of this study are those derived from the orthodontic and surgical correction of a dental deformity: correct alignment of teeth, improved occlusion (the contact between teeth), and a balanced and aesthetic facial profile. The risks are, likewise, derived from the treatment: facial swelling, oral sores, lip or cheek numbness, usually temporary. There is no specific risk derived from the study intervention itself (periodontal and quality of life assessment).
Where is the study run from?
Ramon y Cajal University Hospital and the orthodontic clinic, Madrid (Spain)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
March 2016 to February 2019
Who is funding the study?
Align Research Award Program International
Who is the main contact?
Patricia de Leyva
patricia.leyva@salud.madrid.org
Trial website
Contact information
Type
Public
Primary contact
Dr Patricia de Leyva
ORCID ID
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8189-8446
Contact details
Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal
Ctra de Colmenar Km 9,100
Departamento de Cirugía Maxilofacial (planta 6ª centro)
Madrid
28034
Spain
+34 (0)913368051
patricia.leyva@salud.madrid.org
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
Nil known
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Nil known
Protocol/serial number
095/17
Study information
Scientific title
Surgery first and Invisalign. A comparative assessment of periodontal health and quality of life in postsurgical orthodontic treatment with Invisalign or traditional fixed appliances: a randomized controlled trial
Acronym
SFINVIS
Study hypothesis
Patients with dentofacial deformities undergoing Surgery-First orthognathic surgery and postsurgical orthodontics with clear aligners have a better quality of life and better periodontal health than those treated with Surgery-First orthognathic surgery and postsurgical orthodontics with traditional fixed appliances (brackets).
Ethics approval
Approved 03/05/2017, Ethics Committee of Clinical Research of Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Ctra. de Colmenar Viejo, Km. 9,100 Planta – 2 derecha (28034), Madrid, Spain; +34 (0)91 336 81 47; irycis@irycis.org), ref: 095/17
Study design
Single-center two-arm parallel randomized clinical trial
Primary study design
Interventional
Secondary study design
Randomised controlled trial
Trial setting
Hospitals
Trial type
Treatment
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use the contact details to request a participant information sheet
Condition
Dentofacial deformity
Intervention
Baseline characteristics including periodontal status and quality of life are recorded. All patients in the study receive professional oral hygiene treatment by an experienced dental hygienist. They are also instructed on the same standardized oral hygiene protocol before and during orthodontic treatment. This includes the proper use of toothbrush and interdental brushes three times daily. Baseline data recording and hygiene treatment take place before random allocation.
Allocation concealment is achieved with sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes, containing the treatment allocation cards. Envelopes are prepared before commencement of the trial, and they are kept locked and safe. Randomization and its implementation are performed by two different investigators. Blinding of patient, surgeon and orthodontist is not possible. However, outcome assessment is blind since data is coded for each patient. Besides, all periodontal measurements are performed by an independent technician, who remains unaware of the objectives of the study.
Participants are randomly assigned with an allocation ratio of 1:1 to postsurgical orthodontic treatment with either clear aligners (Invisalign group) or fixed appliances (brackets group). All patients are eligible for a surgery-first OS approach. The Invisalign system is used in all clear aligner cases. All surgical procedures are performed by the same surgical team, led by the senior surgeon. All patients are treated by an Invisalign certified orthodontist with experience in OS. All patients sign an informed consent document. The initial diagnostic workup, preoperative planning, orthodontic preparation and surgical execution proceed according to the standardized protocol for SF orthognathic procedures. The diagnostic work-up includes a routine clinical assessment by the multidisciplinary orthodontic and surgical team. Dental casts and intraoral scanning, X-rays, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and facial photographs are obtained. Likewise, CAD/CAM splints are fabricated following the 3D virtual orthodontic setup and virtual surgical simulation. Patients allocated to the brackets group also undergo a preoperative orthodontic appointment 1 week prior to surgery for brackets bonding. Patients in the Invisalign group undergoing non-segmented maxillary surgery also have an orthodontic appointment 1 week before surgery for intraoral scanning in order to fabricate the aligners.
The patients are operated upon under general anesthesia. Single jaw or bimaxillary surgery is performed, depending on the individualized treatment plan. For patients in the Invisalign group, four to eight transmucosal 2.0 mm screws are placed before incision. If the maxilla needs segmentation, eight screws are placed; in one-piece maxillas, four screws are used. Surgery proceeded according to the standard protocol, being the same for both groups. The duration of surgery is recorded.
All patients have the first appointment with the orthodontist 1 week after surgery. The brackets group begin orthodontic treatment following that appointment, within the first 10 days after surgery. Patients in the Invisalign group and with segmented maxillary surgery are scanned within the first or second week, depending on the swelling, and started using the aligners as soon as they are delivered, in the third week after surgery. Patients in the Invisalign group with non-segmented maxillary surgery begin to use the first aligner within the first 10 days after surgery. The finishing criteria are the same for each group. They were established following standard practice, in accordance with the American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System.
Intervention type
Device
Phase
Not Applicable
Drug names
Primary outcome measure
Measured immediately before surgery, 1 month after surgery and at the end of study:
1. Plaque index assessed by visual inspection of the plaque accumulation and recorded according to the modified index of Loe (0-3)
2. Quality of life measured using Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ-22)
Secondary outcome measures
Measured immediately before surgery, 1 month after surgery and at the end of study:
1. Probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BP) assessed by periodontal probing on the gingival pocket and recorded in milimetres (PD) and as absent or present (BP)
2. Quality of life assessed using the short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14)
Overall trial start date
05/03/2016
Overall trial end date
02/02/2019
Reason abandoned (if study stopped)
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
1. Skeletal malocclusion requiring combined surgical and orthodontic treatment without extractions
2. Informed consent for this novel protocol
Participant type
Patient
Age group
Adult
Gender
Both
Target number of participants
28
Total final enrolment
28
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Temporomandibular joint disorders or severe symptoms
2. Uncontrolled periodontal disease
3. Severe crowding requiring extractions
4. Class II division 2 malocclusion with overbite or severely altered curves of Spee
5. Severe asymmetry
Recruitment start date
01/05/2016
Recruitment end date
28/02/2017
Locations
Countries of recruitment
Spain
Trial participating centre
Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal
Ctra de Colmenar km 9100
Madrid
28034
Spain
Sponsor information
Organisation
Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria
Sponsor details
Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal
Ctra de Colmenar Km 9,100
Madrid
28034
Spain
+34 (0)913368147
irycis@irycis
Sponsor type
Hospital/treatment centre
Website
Funders
Funder type
Industry
Funder name
Align Research Award Program International
Alternative name(s)
Funding Body Type
Funding Body Subtype
Location
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
This study has been designed in order to be a doctoral thesis. Publication in orthodontic or maxillofacial surgery journals is also intended.
2019 thesis in https://escuela-doctorado.uah.es/tesis/tesis.asp?CdPlan=D420&expe=15&proy=1
IPD sharing statement
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study will be stored in a non-publically available repository. These datasets could be shared upon request to the principal investigator of the study Patricia de Leyva (patricia.leyva@salud.madrid.org). The database was generated in a private Excel file and was only shared with the statistician, no other clinicians and no patients had access to this information; only coded data were stored (no personal identifiers or names) and all patients gave informed consent to participate in the study.
Intention to publish date
21/06/2019
Participant level data
Available on request
Basic results (scientific)
Publication list