Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
A thoracolumbar fracture is a break of the spine in the mid to low back and is the most common spine fracture. It is usually caused by trauma such as a traffic accident, a fall from height or certain sports. Many surgeons agree that when the fracture could be easily moved out of place and involves nerve damage, surgery is needed. When the injury is a fracture that will stay in place, with no nerve damage, it can be treated without surgery. This usually means using a brace to hold the spine still and slowly increasing activity. Some injuries are in the middle of these two types of fracture. Some surgeons might be more likely to fix these fractures with surgery. However, other surgeons are more likely to use a brace to stabilise the spine. There are risks and benefits with both treatments. Although both treatments are used widely throughout the NHS, it is not clear which works best. The best way to find out is to complete a randomised controlled trial but this may be difficult to do because surgeons and patients might have strong ideas about which treatment they prefer. Due to these challenges a study to find out if a larger trial would be possible is needed. This study will have the following aims: to test if we can recruit enough people to a full trial to compare surgery with non-operative treatment for mid-low spinal fractures and to test if we can collect the data needed to answer the research question.
Who can participate?
Patients aged 16 years or older with spinal fractures.
What does the study involve?
Participants are randomly allocated to one of two groups. One group will receive surgery and the other will be managed without surgery. Participants are advised about what will happen if it becomes necessary to change treatment at a later date. Participants are asked to complete questionnaires about their activity and quality of life. Routine X-rays and CT scans are used to assess spinal alignment and fracture healing at 3 and 6 months. All trial visits and scans are in line with the appointments that would usually be needed for clinical care. Some participants and surgeons involved in the study are invited to take part in an interview to help design the main trial. A national survey of surgeons is undertaken to investigate if they would be willing to recruit patients to a future trial. At the end of the study recommendations are made about whether a full trial is feasible and how the design of the study could be improved.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
Because it is not known what treatment is best, there is no specific benefit to the patients taking part other than the potential to inform future clinical practice and to help future patients decide which treatment is best for them. There are no foreseen clinical concerns. All of the treatments offered as part of this study are used in routine NHS practice and therefore it is not anticipated that there are any ethical issues relating to our choice of treatments. Imaging procedures will be those routinely used for the investigation and follow-up of patients with fractures of the thoracolumbar spine following surgical or conservative management therefore there trial participants will not be exposed to ionising radiation above that of standard care.
Where is the study run from?
1. The Royal London Hospital (UK)
2. St. James's University Hospital (UK)
3. University Hospital of Wales (UK)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
September 2017 to September 2019
Who is funding the study?
National Institute for Health Research (UK)
Who is the main contact?
Mrs Liz Cook (Scientific)
Trial website
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Protocol/serial number
37065
Study information
Scientific title
Surgical fixation versus non-operative management for patients with stable thoracolumbar fractures: a feasibility study
Acronym
PRESTO
Study hypothesis
The aim of this study is to establish whether it is feasible to deliver a trial comparing surgical fixation to initial non-operative management for patients with a stable thoracolumbar fracture without spinal cord injury.
Ethics approval
North East – Newcastle & North Tyneside 1 Research Ethics Committee, 18/NE/0008
Study design
Randomised; Both; Design type: Treatment, Surgery, Qualitative
Primary study design
Interventional
Secondary study design
Randomised controlled trial
Trial setting
Hospitals
Trial type
Treatment
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use the contact details below to request a patient information sheet
Condition
Specialty: Injuries and emergencies, Primary sub-specialty: Musculoskeletal Trauma; UKCRC code/ Disease: Injuries and Accidents/ Injuries to the abdomen, lower back, lumbar spine and pelvis
Intervention
The trial objectives will be addressed through three elements:
1. A randomised pilot study
2. A national survey of surgeons
3. A qualitative study
Randomised Pilot Study: This is a pragmatic, parallel group, randomised controlled trial comparing arm 1 (intervention) versus arm 2 (control):
Arm 1: Surgical fixation (open or pedicle screw fixation)
Arm 2: Non-operative management (mobilisation in a brace, or mobilisation without a brace)
Participants are allocated to surgical fixation or initial non-operative management by independent concealed random allocation using block randomisation stratified by centre and type of injury (high-energy trauma or low-energy osteoporotic).
There is a 12 month recruitment period, across three centres, which is long enough to reliably measure the feasibility outcomes.
The primary effectiveness and cost-effectiveness data collection are completed at 3 months (6 months for those patients that reach this time point by the end of the trial).
Some participants and surgeons involved in the study are invited to take part in an interview to help design the main trial.
A national survey of surgeons will be undertaken to investigate if they would be willing to recruit patients to a future trial.
Intervention type
Other
Phase
Drug names
Primary outcome measures
Recruitment rate, defined as the proportion of eligible participants who are randomised during the recruitment period.
Secondary outcome measures
Feasibility is measured using:
1. Recruitment rates as defined as:
1.1. Number of eligible patients
1.2. Proportion of eligible patients approached for consent
1.3. Proportion of eligible patients not approached for consent and reasons why
1.4. Proportion of patients approached who provide consent
1.5. Proportion of patients approached who do not provide consent and reasons why
2. Randomisation:
2.1. Proportion of patients providing consent who are randomised
2.2. Proportion of patients randomised who do not receive the randomly allocated treatment and reasons why
3. Cross-over is measured as the proportion of patients randomised to the non-operative treatment who receive surgical management, at what time point and reasons why
4. Drop-out rate as defined as the proportion of patients dropping out between randomisation and follow-up at 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months and reasons why
5. Ability to collect clinical outcome measures:
5.1. Feasibility of gathering patient reported outcome measures and other outcome measures at baseline and follow-up at 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months (proportion of complete data for each outcome measure; proportion successfully gathered through the British Spine Registry)
5.2. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI): Collected at baseline, 3 and 6 months
5.3. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain: Collected at baseline, 3 and 6 months
5.4. Short Form-12 (SF12): Collected at baseline, 3 and 6 months
5.5. EuroQol 5 Dimensions (5L) Score (EQ5D-5L): Collected at baseline, 3 and 6 months
5.6. Kyphotic angle is measured using COBB technique at baseline, 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. This will be measured from imaging routinely performed at these timepoints
5.7. Feasibility of gathering data on complications and adverse events (proportion of complete data)
6. Feasibility of appropriate and accurate economic data collection
7.To inform the design of the future trial we will also gather data on:
7.1. Participant treatment preferences at baseline
7.2. Clinical care during the trial:
7.2.1. Methods used to establish spinal stability
7.2.2. Details of surgical fixation used
7.2.3. Details of non-operative management
Overall trial start date
01/09/2017
Overall trial end date
30/09/2019
Reason abandoned
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
1. Age 16 years or older
2. Diagnosis of a high- or low-energy impact thoracolumbar vertebral fracture, between T10 and L2, and confirmed by radiograph, computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with any ONE of the following criteria:
2.1. A kyphotic angle greater than 20 degrees on standing radiographs, or if lying CT or radiograph then 15 degrees of kyphosis or
2.2. Reduction of vertebral body height by 25 percent or
2.3. Fracture line propagating through the posterior wall of vertebra or
2.4. Two contiguous vertebrae involved or
2.5. Injury to the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) or annulus in addition to the body fracture
Participant type
Patient
Age group
Adult
Gender
Both
Target number of participants
Planned Sample Size: 60; UK Sample Size: 60
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Unstable fractures which obviously need surgical stabilisation – decision made by the treating surgeon
2. Spinal cord injury
3. Pathological (other than osteoporotic) fracture e.g. tumour / infection
4. Patient not considered suitable for surgery
Recruitment start date
01/03/2018
Recruitment end date
31/01/2019
Locations
Countries of recruitment
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
The Royal London Hospital
Barts Health NHS Trust
Whitechapel
London
E1 1BB
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
St. James's University Hospital
Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
Beckett Street
Leeds
LS9 7TF
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
University Hospital of Wales
Cardiff and Vale University Health Board
Heath Park Way
Cardiff
CF14 4XW
United Kingdom
Sponsor information
Funders
Funder type
Government
Funder name
National Institute for Health Research
Alternative name(s)
NIHR
Funding Body Type
government organisation
Funding Body Subtype
Federal/National Government
Location
United Kingdom
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
Exact plans unknown but planned publication as an NIHR HTA Monograph and in international, open-access peer-reviewed journals. Results will be disseminated through the local networks, and at national and international meetings in surgical care.
The findings will also be disseminated to participants in the form of a plain English summary which will be agreed by the Patient Advisory Group. Dissemination through patient websites such as the AfterTrauma website will be explored.
Additional documentation will be added to the NIHR website when available:
https://www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/programmes/hta/1515407/#/documentation
IPD sharing statment:
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study (fully anonymised) will be available upon request after the publication of the study results from:
Professor David Torgerson
David.Torgerson@york.ac.uk
Intention to publish date
30/09/2020
Participant level data
Available on request
Results - basic reporting
Publication summary