Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Reducing meat consumption could help to improve population health and protect the natural environment. However, little is known about how to help people shift towards more plant-based diets. This study evaluates a behavioural intervention to support people to eat less meat. The intervention involves the provision of meat-alternatives for four weeks along with supporting material, including information about the benefits of eating less meat, success stories of people who reduced their meat consumption, and recipes. This study will test whether people who received the intervention have lower meat intakes than people who did not receive the intervention during the fourth intervention week and one month after the intervention ends. This study also explores the impact of the intervention on other components of participants’ diet, some psycho-social variables (e.g. attitudes towards eating less meat), and some biomarkers of health risk (e.g. blood pressure).
Who can participate?
People aged 18 and over who eat meat regularly
What does the study involve?
Participants are randomly allocated to the intervention group or the control group. Participants in the control group receive no intervention. Participants in the intervention group are offered meat substitutes for 4 weeks and supporting written material, including information about the health and environmental benefits of eating less meat, success stories of people who reduced their consumption of meat, and recipes. Participants’ daily meat consumption is assessed using a self-reported food diary from the start of the study to the follow-ups at 1 and 2 months.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
This study is considered to have very few potential disadvantages or risks. Three finger-prick blood samples are collected and participants are advised to contact the appropriate medical services in the event of an infection following the finger prick. Participants are provided with commercially available foods that they might not have previously eaten, and will be advised to contact the appropriate medical services in the event of an allergic reaction resulting from eating these foods.
Where is the study run from?
University of Oxford (UK)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
August 2017 to December 2020
Who is funding the study?
1. Wellcome Trust (UK)
2. Medical Research Council (UK)
3. National Institute for Health Research (UK)
4. Green Templeton College, University of Oxford (UK)
Who is the main contact?
Mr Filippo Bianchi
Trial website
Contact information
Type
Scientific
Primary contact
Mr Filippo Bianchi
ORCID ID
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7295-1847
Contact details
43 Woodstock Road
Oxford
OX2 6HG
United Kingdom
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Protocol/serial number
N/A
Study information
Scientific title
Replacing meat with alternative plant-based products (RE-MAP study): a randomised controlled trial of a behavioural intervention to reduce meat consumption
Acronym
RE-MAP
Study hypothesis
To test the effectiveness of a behavioural intervention in reducing meat consumption among healthy adult volunteers and to assess the intervention’s impact on participants’ habitual meat consumption, consumption of meat-alternatives and other food groups, psycho-social variables, energy, macro- and micro-nutrient intakes, and biomarkers of health risk, including body weight, body composition, blood lipids, and blood pressure.
Ethics approval
Medical Sciences Interdivisional Research Ethics Committee of the University of Oxford, 07/11/2017, ref: R54329/RE001
Study design
Single-centre two-arm parallel-group individually randomised controlled trial
Primary study design
Interventional
Secondary study design
Randomised controlled trial
Trial setting
Community
Trial type
Prevention
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use the contact details to request a patient information sheet
Condition
Reducing meat consumption among healthy adult volunteers.
Intervention
Participants will be stratified by gender and individually randomised in a 1:1 ratio to the intervention or the control condition. The research team will be blinded to the computer generated randomisation sequence, but due to the nature of the intervention neither participants nor researchers will be blinded to the allocation. Members of the research team responsible to analyse diet diaries, will be blinded to participants’ allocation.
Participants randomised to the control condition will receive no intervention. Participants randomised to the intervention condition will be offered a behavioural intervention based on the provision of meat-substitutes for four weeks and supporting written material, including information about the health and environmental benefits of eating less meat, success stories of people who reduced their consumption of meat, and recipes.
T0: baseline
T1: 1 month follow up
T2: 2 months follow up
Intervention type
Behavioural
Phase
Drug names
Primary outcome measure
Mean daily meat consumption in grams assessed using a self-reported food diary from the baseline (T0) to the first follow-up (T1) at 1 month
Secondary outcome measures
1. Habitual meat consumption: Change in participants’ mean daily meat consumption in grams assessed using a self-reported food diary from the baseline (T0) to the second follow-up (T2) at 2 months
2. Putative psycho-social determinants of consuming a low meat diet assessed through online questionnaires. In particular the following dimensions will be assessed:
2.1. Change in participants’ attitudes, perceived behavioural control, subjective social norm, and intention to eat a low meat diet between the baseline and both follow-ups
2.2. Change in participants’ attachment to meat between the baseline and both follow-ups
2.3. Change in participants’ eating identity between the baseline and both follow-ups
3. General eating behaviour: Change between the baseline and both follow-ups in participants’ mean number of daily servings of other principal food groups, including meat substitutes, assessed using a self-reported food diary and an online questionnaire
4. Nutritional intake: Change in participants’ mean daily energy, macro-, and micronutrient intake between the baseline and both follow-ups, assessed using data from the self-reported food diary
5. Biomarkers of health risk: Change between the baseline and both follow-ups in participants’ weight to the nearest 0.1 kg and body composition (measured with a Tanita SC240Ma scale); blood lipids (measured with an Alere Cholestech LDX® Analyzer), and blood pressure as the mean of the last two of three seated readings
6. Putative psycho-social determinants of meat-alternative usage assessed through online questionnaires: Change in participants’ intentions, attitudes, perceived behavioural control, and subjective social norms of using meat-alternatives between the baseline and both follow-ups
7. Desire for similarity between meat and meat-alternatives assessed through online questionnaire: Change between the baseline and both follow-ups in participants’ desire for meat-alternatives to be similar to meat overall and in specific aspects
Overall trial start date
31/08/2017
Overall trial end date
20/12/2020
Reason abandoned (if study stopped)
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
Interested individuals will be included in the study only if they
1. Are ≥18 years old
2. Self-report to eat meat regularly
3. Belong to an adult-only household
4. Are willing to try meat-alternatives and own adequate food storing facilities
5. Possess a device compatible with the requirements of the online food diary
6. Provide informed consent
Participant type
Healthy volunteer
Age group
Adult
Gender
Both
Target number of participants
100 participants completing the primary measurement timepoint
Participant exclusion criteria
Interested individuals will be excluded from participating to the study if they
1. Self-report to have relevant food allergies;
2. Self-report to suffer from an eating disorder;
3. Are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while involved in the study;
4. Belong to the same household as a previously enrolled participant;
5. Consume meat-alternatives more than once a week on average;
6. Report baseline dietary records of insufficient quality for analysis;
The recruiting researcher deems the interested individual unable to adhere appropriately to the study protocol (e.g. insufficient knowledge of the English language, planned absences from main residence during the course of the study, enrolled in other longitudinal dietary intervention study).
Recruitment start date
26/06/2018
Recruitment end date
25/06/2019
Locations
Countries of recruitment
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford
Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Rd
Oxford
OX2 6GG
United Kingdom
Funders
Funder type
Charity
Funder name
Wellcome Trust, Our Planet Our Health programme (Livestock, Environment and People - LEAP), award number 205212/Z/16/Z
Alternative name(s)
Funding Body Type
private sector organisation
Funding Body Subtype
International organizations
Location
United Kingdom
Funder name
Medical Research Council
Alternative name(s)
MRC
Funding Body Type
government organisation
Funding Body Subtype
National government
Location
United Kingdom
Funder name
National Institute for Health Research
Alternative name(s)
NIHR
Funding Body Type
government organisation
Funding Body Subtype
National government
Location
United Kingdom
Funder name
Green Templeton College, University of Oxford
Alternative name(s)
GTC
Funding Body Type
private sector organisation
Funding Body Subtype
Universities (academic only)
Location
United Kingdom
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
A protocol will be submitted for publication in due course. The results of the trial will be written up as a doctoral thesis, submitted for publication in a high-impact peer reviewed journal, presented at conferences and disseminated through established networks.
IPD sharing statement
Individual participant data will be made available on request to bona fide academic researchers once final data analyses are published and provided participants consented for their fully anonymised data to be given to other researchers to be used in research studies. A secure data sharing system will be used to transfer data outside the research team.
Intention to publish date
20/06/2021
Participant level data
Available on request
Basic results (scientific)
Publication list
2019 protocol in https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31154309 (added 19/05/2020)