Effect of Gum Arabic on chronic gingivitis
| ISRCTN | ISRCTN14209449 |
|---|---|
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN14209449 |
| Secondary identifying numbers | 905661087 |
- Submission date
- 07/09/2016
- Registration date
- 02/10/2016
- Last edited
- 13/09/2022
- Recruitment status
- No longer recruiting
- Overall study status
- Completed
- Condition category
- Oral Health
Plain English summary of protocol
Background and study aims
Gum Arabic (GA) is a natural product which has been used for centuries as a traditional oral hygiene substance in Arabian and African countries. Many studies have been run that support the potential activity of GA as an antiplaque agent; it is thought that it may act to prevent dental plaque formation. The present study was designed to test the effect of GA on chronic gingivitis, to assess the effect of introducing GA to a group of patients to see whether it reduces plague formation and gingivitis and compare the progress of gingivitis between a group who are given GA and a group that is given a placebo (dummy) gum. It also wants to test whether the presence of a protein called Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) can predict whether gum (periodontal) disease is progressing.
Who can participate?
Adults with mild to moderate gingivitis.
What does the study involve?
Participants are randomly allocated to one of two groups. After brushing their teeth, those in group 1 are asked to apply half a teaspoon of GA gently by finger to the border line between teeth and gums - the so-called dentogingival area – for around and hour and then leave it for five minutes before washing with water. Similarly, after brushing their teeth, participants in group 2 are asked to apply half a teaspoon of placebo powder gently by finger to the dentogingival area for around and hour and then leave it for five minutes before washing with water. All participants in both groups are asked to otherwise follow their usual regular oral hygiene habits. A gum disease assessment is carried out for all participants one month later and repeated after two months.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
Not provided at time of registration
Where is the study run from?
Khartoum Dental Teaching Hospital (Sudan)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
October 2016 to December 2016
Who is funding the study?
Investigator initiated and funded
Who is the main contact?
1. Dr Nazik Nurelhuda
n.nurelhuda@hotmail.co.uk
2. Dr Arwa Gafar
arwajafer@gmail.com
Contact information
Scientific
PO Box 1550
Khartoum North
13311
Sudan
 ORCID ID |
0000-0002-4355-4762 |
|---|---|
| Phone | +249905661087 |
| arwajafer@gmail.com |
Scientific
PO Box 1550
Khartoum North
13311
Sudan
| ORCID ID |
0000-0003-4580-1744 |
|---|---|
| Phone | 00249912725479 |
| n.nurelhuda@hotmail.co.uk |
Study information
| Study design | Double blinded, parallel, placebo, randomized clinical control trial |
|---|---|
| Primary study design | Interventional |
| Secondary study design | Randomised controlled trial |
| Study setting(s) | Hospital |
| Study type | Treatment |
| Participant information sheet | Not available in web format, please use the contact details to request a participant information sheet |
| Scientific title | Clinical and immunological effect of Gum Arabic in patients with chronic gingivitis in Khartoum Dental Teaching Hospital, in Khartoum state in Sudan: randomised controlled trial |
| Study objectives | General objectives: To evaluate the effect of Gum Arabic (GA) on chronic gingivitis. Specific objectives: 1. To assess the periodontal health status (GI, PI) of a population of the study at Khartoum Dental Teaching Hospital (KDTH) 2. To assess the effect of introducing GA to a group of patients with gingivitis at baseline on the following clinical indicators: PI, GI and immunological indicator (IL-1 β) 3. To compare the progress of gingivitis between a group who received GA versus a group who received placebo treatment 4. To assess the ability of IL-1β as predictor of periodontal disease progression |
| Ethics approval(s) | Federal Ministry of Health - National Medicines and Poisons Board review board, 25/08/2016 |
| Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied | Chronic gingivitis |
| Intervention | Before the start of the clinical examination, all the participants who are eligible and accepted the invitation to participate will have the objectives and the methodology of the study explained. All participates will be asked to sign a consent form outlining the goals and the procedures of the clinical trial. The acceptance from the ethical committees will be sought from the concerned bodies at the KDTH, Sudan Medical Specialization Board (SMSB) and the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH). Randomization and Allocation: The participates will be assigned to one of the two groups, group A (intervention group) or group B (placebo group), by restricted randomization (blocking). 1. Step one (baseline): Clinical examination will be carried out at baseline. Before starting the clinical assessment, each participant will be asked to gargle with saline 10 ml to remove any food debris and materia alba. Under identical conditions, an oral examination in a dental chair and light to examine the dental and periodontal status using a dental mirror and a graduated William's periodontal probe will be undertaken and scored by the candidate. In case of exposure of blindness to the examiner (to know that the patient is assigned to the intervention group or placebo group), another dentist will undergo the follow-up clinical examinations. This clinical examiner will be calibrated to the principal examiner, and the calibration will be tested using the kappa test. At baseline all the participants will receive thorough and meticulous scaling and polishing to remove all existing plaque, calculus deposits and extrinsic stains (will be performed by the candidate). Each participant will then be randomly assigned to one of the two groups by the assistant: Group 1: Participants are asked to apply half of teaspoon quantity of the Gum Arabic (GA) formula gently by finger to the dentogingival area for about an hour following tooth brushing and to leave application for five minutes before washing with normal water. Regular use in the morning and evening after one hour from regular brushing will be advised. Group 2: Participants will be asked to apply half of teaspoon quantity of a placebo formula gently by finger to the dentogingival area for about an hour following tooth brushing and to leave application for five minutes before washing with normal water. Regular use in the morning and evening after one hour from regular brushing will be advised. All participants will be asked to maintain their regular oral hygiene habits. Also, no prophylaxis will be carried out preceding the onset of the study on the participants. All of the participants will receive the sealed containers (150 g), and they are also blinded to the type of the formula (either GA or placebo). They will be instructed by the assistant not to share any information with the examiner to ensure blindness. 2. Step two (after one month): The periodontal status of all of the participants will be assessed (by the candidate) using the same clinical parameters (GI, PI) and GCF also will be collected by the same tools. All of the participants will be referred to the assistant to give them the remaining of the formulas (300 g) for rest of the study. 3. Step three (after two months): All of the procedures which have been conducted at the fourth week will be repeated and final periodontal assessment will be carried out. |
| Intervention type | Other |
| Primary outcome measure | Severity of plaque build-up, measured by Plaque index of Sillness and Loe Three measurements are taken during the study period: Baseline, after one month, after two months. |
| Secondary outcome measures | 1. Severity of gingivitis, assessed using the Gingival Index of Loe and Sillness 2. Content of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) Three measurements are taken during the study period: Baseline, after one month, after two months. |
| Overall study start date | 15/10/2016 |
| Completion date | 15/12/2016 |
Eligibility
| Participant type(s) | Patient |
|---|---|
| Age group | Adult |
| Sex | Both |
| Target number of participants | Sample size calculation: Sample size was calculated using openepi.com, using the equation for RCT, assuming a two sided confidence interval of 95%, power of 80%, ration of exposed to unexposed in the sample of 1:1, and a percentage of 35% of the exposed to have an improved GI and PI by the end of the study. Total sample size (Kelsey calculation) of 56, 28 in each group. To overcome withdrawal of patients we raise the sample size to 60. |
| Total final enrolment | 60 |
| Key inclusion criteria | 1. Patients diagnosed with generalized mild-moderate chronic plaque-induced gingivitis 2. At least twenty natural teeth must be present in the oral cavity 3. No history of periodontal therapy or previous use of antibiotics or anti-inflammatory drugs within the preceding six months will be included in the study 4. Patient fulfilling the clinical and radiographic criteria of the gingival index (Löe and Silness) >1, plaque index (Silness and Löe) >1, pocket probing depth <3 mm, clinical attachment loss = 0, with no evidence of radiographic bone loss |
| Key exclusion criteria | 1. Patients with known allergies to the constituents of the Gum Arabic formulation 2. Hematological disorders or other systemic illness 3. Pregnant and lactating females 4. Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment 5. Patients with smoking habits |
| Date of first enrolment | 15/10/2016 |
| Date of final enrolment | 15/12/2016 |
Locations
Countries of recruitment
- Sudan
Study participating centre
Sudan
Sponsor information
University/education
Khartoum Downtown
Khartoum Hospital Street
Khartoum
13311
Sudan
| Phone | +249912164855 |
|---|---|
| info@smsb.gov.sd | |
| Website | http://www.smsb.gov.sd/en/ |
"ROR" |
https://ror.org/02ts9m233 |
Funders
Funder type
Other
No information available
Results and Publications
| Intention to publish date | 15/12/2017 |
|---|---|
| Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to share | No |
| IPD sharing plan summary | Data sharing statement to be made available at a later date |
| Publication and dissemination plan | The authors intend to publish the article with the results. The target journal is yet to be confirmed. |
| IPD sharing plan | Not provided at time of registration |
Study outputs
| Output type | Details | Date created | Date added | Peer reviewed? | Patient-facing? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results article | 13/06/2022 | 13/09/2022 | Yes | No |
Editorial Notes
13/09/2022: Publication reference and total final enrolment added.
11/10/2016: Internal review
