Plain English Summary
Background and study aims:
Dietary studies which aim to teach people to change their behaviour towards food may not work as well for people from disadvantaged communities. This may be explained by individual variation in cognitive resource – a set of mental processes involved in planning and regulating thoughts and behaviour. Years spent having to go without in early childhood has been found to have a negative effect on cognitive resource. In addition to this, cognitive resource can become exhausted through the day from daily tasks and financial stresses. People from disadvantaged backgrounds, who tend to have lower cognitive resource, tend to consume more unhealthy food meaning that this group is in greater need of a dietary intervention. A different type of programme may be needed to help those with lower cognitive resource to change their diets. Making changes to the environment, such as placing food further away, is thought to change people’s behaviour unconsciously, as people generally eat more of a food when it is placed within reach, regardless of the type of food. Studies looking into this do not generally test whether variation in cognitive resource has an impact on the effectiveness of the food distance effect. The aim of this study is to find out whether the effect of food distance is influenced by cognitive resource.
Who can participate?
Healthy adults who live in Cambridge and surrounding areas.
What does the study involve?
Participants are randomly allocated into four groups. In each group, the participants have a bowl of snack food placed near (20cm away) or far (70cm away) from them half way through the study during a 10 minute “relaxation break”. In the first group, participants are given a high cognitive load (something to concentrate on) by being shown a string of digits to memorise after the "relaxation break" in which food is placed close to them. In the second group, participants are given a high cognitive load before the "relaxation break" in which food is placed close to them. In the third group, participants are given a high cognitive load (something to concentrate on) by being shown a string of digits to memorise after the "relaxation break" in which food is placed far from them. In the fourth group, participants are given a high cognitive load before the "relaxation break" in which food is placed far from them. After the 10 minute break, the weight of the snack bowls is weighed to find out how much the participants from each group have eaten and the number of participants who ate the snacks from each group is recorded. Participants are also asked to complete a test of their mental reaction time (Stroop Task) at the start and end of each half of the study to measure their cognitive resource.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
There are no direct benefits for participants; however the study will help to provide information about ways of influencing eating behaviour that can be applied to further research. There are no risks of participating in the study.
Where is the study run from?
The Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge (UK)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
September 2015 to September 2017
Who is funding the study?
1. Medical Research Council (UK)
Who is the main contact?
Professor Theresa Marteau
Trial website
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Protocol/serial number
N/A
Study information
Scientific title
Impact on the proximity effect of manipulating cognitive resource: An experimental study in a general population
Acronym
Study hypothesis
High cognitive load does not reduce the effect of food proximity: when a snack is placed near to (as opposed to far from) someone, they are as likely to take it when under conditions of high as when under conditions of low cognitive load.
This study aims to build on from an earlier study (ISRCTN46995850: Impact of food distance on snack food intake):
1. By providing a further test of the food distance effect with a general population sample
2. By testing whether cognitive resource affects the food distance effect (and being statistically powered to do so)
3. Providing a stronger test of the food distance effect by influencing peoples' cognitive resource
Ethics approval
Cambridge Psychology Research Ethics Committee, 20/04/2016, ref: Pre.2016.028
Study design
Interventional single-centre 2 x 2 mixed factorial design
Primary study design
Interventional
Secondary study design
2 x 2 mixed factorial design
Trial setting
Other
Trial type
Other
Patient information sheet
Please see additional files
Condition
Unhealthy diet
Intervention
Participants are told they will be taking part in a relaxation and memory study so that the snack food can be placed without making participants aware that the study is assessing eating behaviour (knowing this may affect whether they eat in the study). Participants are fully debriefed at the end of the session.
Participants are randomly allocated into four groups who are provided with snack foods placed either near or far or receive a cognitive load either in the first or second half of the study session:
1. Proximal snack and no followed by high cognitive load
2. Proximal snack and high followed by no cognitive load
3. Distal snack and no followed by high cognitive load
4. Distal snack and high followed by no cognitive load
Participants receiving cognitive load will memorise a digit string before being exposed to the snack food. Participants are exposed to the snack food during two 10 minute "relaxation" breaks. Before the snack food is brought into the room, participants complete the Stroop task to measure baseline cognitive resource. After the snacks are removed from the room, participants repeat the Stroop task to assess the effect of load on cognitive resource before recalling the digit string.
Intervention type
Behavioural
Phase
Drug names
Primary outcome measure
Whether participants take the snack food is measured as any difference in bowl weight from before to after the participant is exposed to the snacks.
Secondary outcome measures
1. The mean amount of snack food consumed is measured as the difference in bowl weight from before to after the participant is exposed to the snacks
2. Cognitive resource is measured through Stroop task performance from baseline to post-intervention and between each half of the session as a manipulation check
Overall trial start date
18/09/2015
Overall trial end date
18/09/2017
Reason abandoned (if study stopped)
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
1. Adults aged over 18 years
2. In the Cambridge area and surrounding areas (Stevenage, Peterborough)
Participant type
Healthy volunteer
Age group
Adult
Gender
Both
Target number of participants
230
Participant exclusion criteria
Any allergies or intolerance to food.
Recruitment start date
03/05/2016
Recruitment end date
29/07/2016
Locations
Countries of recruitment
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
The Behaviour and Health Research Unit
University of Cambridge
Institute of Public Health
Forvie Site
Robinson Way
Cambridge
CB2 OSR
United Kingdom
Funders
Funder type
Research council
Funder name
Medical Research Council
Alternative name(s)
MRC
Funding Body Type
government organisation
Funding Body Subtype
Federal/National Government
Location
United Kingdom
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
Planned publication of the main study results in a high-impact factor journal.
Intention to publish date
31/12/2017
Participant level data
Not expected to be available
Basic results (scientific)
Publication list
2017 results in: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29183701
Publication citations
Additional files
- ISRCTN14239872_PIS.docx Uploaded 09/05/2016