Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Unequal leg length affects between 40% and 70% of the population and is classified into two groups: a) anatomical discrepancy, when the inequality is caused by a difference in the length of the bones and can affect children from birth, and b) functional discrepancy, when the inequality is caused by muscle tightness or weakness. It is thought that having legs of different lengths alters the way in which children walk and is thought to cause pain, lower back problems and arthritis in the future. Alder Hey Children’s Hospital Orthopaedic department has a regional limb reconstruction service where children with leg length inequality undergo equalisation surgery. The aim of surgery is based on the assumed concept that inequality is detrimental to the child and may lead to problems in the future, but it is invasive and comes with associated risks. There is a gap in the current knowledge and only two studies were found which investigated the effect of unequal leg length on walking in children, and both identified that walking was altered but did not specify how. Modern medicine should be evidence based, therefore this study aims to provide information to inform surgeons on the impact of leg length inequality on children, which may help inform surgical decision making.
Who can participate?
Children aged 7 to 16 who have undergone 3D gait analysis as part of their routine clinical care
What does the study involve?
As part of their routine clinical care children are assessed in the North Movement Analysis Centre, Alder Hey using the 3D gait analysis system. At the time of assessment informed consent is taken allowing technical and clinical information to be used for research. It is this anonymised information which is used for the study, requiring no further attendance by the children.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
The study will add to the limited knowledge base by providing data on gait compensations in children with leg length discrepancy. This in turn may inform appropriate surgical management in the future. There are no risks to the participants as their data is collected as part of routine clinical care. Written parental consent is provided at the time of assessment.
Where is the study run from?
North West Movement Analysis Centre (UK)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
February 2018 to May 2018
Who is funding the study?
Investigator initiated and funded
Who is the main contact?
Mr Paul McGrath
paul.mcgrath@alderhey.nhs.uk
Trial website
Contact information
Type
Public
Primary contact
Mr Paul McGrath
ORCID ID
Contact details
North West Movement Analysis Centre
Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust
Eaton Road
Liverpool
L12 2AP
United Kingdom
+44 (0)151 252 5949
paul.mcgrath@alderhey.nhs.uk
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Protocol/serial number
IRAS project ID: 237648
Study information
Scientific title
What is the effect of an idiopathic leg length discrepancy on coronal plane pelvis and hip kinematics in children during walking?
Acronym
Study hypothesis
The study hypothesis is that there will be a change in pelvic and hip coronal plane gait kinematics in children with a leg length discrepancy compared to normal gait kinematics. The change that occurs will be increased pelvic obliquity and associated increased hip adduction on the longer side.
Ethics approval
Ethics Board London-Bromley, 12/01/2018, REC ref: 18/LO/0093
Study design
Retrospective case control study
Primary study design
Observational
Secondary study design
Case-control study
Trial setting
Hospitals
Trial type
Other
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use the contact details to request a patient information sheet
Condition
Idiopathic leg length discrepancy
Intervention
This retrospective case control study will analyse coronal plane pelvic and hip kinematic data during normal walking in children with a leg length discrepancy (>2cm defined radiologically). Prior to 3D data capture all patients undergo a full lower limb physical exam comprising of leg length measurement, range of movement measurement using goniometry and muscle strength testing. 3D gait data is collected as part of routine clinical care using a 12 camera 340Hz 3D gait analysis system and BTS Smart Capture software (BTS Bioengineering, Milan). 22 reflective markers are placed on patients in line with the conventional gait model Davis heel protocol. Subjects walk at a self-selected speed across a 10 metre walk way and a minimum of 6 walking trials are collected. For data analysis, data from 5 trials are selected for processing using BTS Smart Analyser software; 1 gait cycle per left and right leg is manually defined. Data from the 5 trials are then averaged generating single kinematic graphs for the left and right legs. Coronal plane pelvic and hip kinematic data from each subject that has been converted to text files will be added to a database containing the data of all participants. Data is anonymised and participants will be given unique identifiers prior to input into the database. Mean pelvic and hip kinematics for the participant sample will be generated and compared to the NWMAC normal database. Correlation between leg length discrepancy and gait abnormality at the pelvis and hip will be investigated.
Intervention type
Other
Phase
Drug names
Primary outcome measures
Coronal plane joint range of motion at the pelvis and hip, measured in degrees using a 3D gait analysis system. The measurements are obtained once at the patients attendance at the North West Movement Analysis Centre, Alder Hey as part of their routine clinical care.
Secondary outcome measures
The amount of leg length discrepancy as a percentage of total height (leg length is measured using a tape measure and recorded in centimetres) at the time of attendance at NWMAC
Overall trial start date
05/02/2018
Overall trial end date
25/05/2018
Reason abandoned
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
1. Aged between 7 to 16 years
2. Undergone 3D gait analysis as part of their routine clinical care
3. Written parental consent for their data to be used for research purposes
4. No previous orthopaedic surgery
Participant type
Patient
Age group
Child
Gender
Both
Target number of participants
A minimum of 10 participants
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Neurological disorder
2. Hip pathology
3. Hip muscle contractures
4. Hip pain
5. Fixed scoliosis
6. Spinal pathology
Recruitment start date
05/02/2018
Recruitment end date
16/02/2018
Locations
Countries of recruitment
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
North West Movement Analysis Centre
Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust
Eaton Road
Liverpool
L12 2AP
United Kingdom
Funders
Funder type
Other
Funder name
Investigator initiated and funded
Alternative name(s)
Funding Body Type
Funding Body Subtype
Location
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
Study protocol and statistical analysis will be available on completion of the study (May 2018). The plan is for the study to be published in the Gait and Posture journal around one year after the overall trial end date/project completion. The study will also be freely available to the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy who may wish to publish the study in their Physiotherapy Journal, as well as the Association of Paediatric Chartered Physiotherapists Journal.
IPD sharing statement
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are/will be available upon request from Paul McGrath (paul.mcgrath@alderhey.nhs.uk).
Intention to publish date
25/05/2019
Participant level data
Available on request
Results - basic reporting
Publication summary