Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
About 35% of global child deaths below five years of age are estimated to be caused by Undernutrition, and pneumonia and diarrhea are the two most common causes of death in undernourished children. Adding probiotics to the food of severely malnourished children may be a way to reduce the occurrence and severity of both diarrhea and airway infections in undernourished children. Studies suggest that probiotics are able to reduce the occurrence and duration of diarrhea and may reduce the risk of airway infections. Some of the probiotic studies have included mildly to moderately malnourished children, but most studies have been conducted in well-nourished populations.The main aim of the study is to measure the effect of two probiotic strains on diarrhea in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) when given together with the usually recommended treatment.
Who can participate?
Children aged 659 months with severe acute malnutrition.
What does the study involve?
Children with severe acute malnutrition admitted to a nutritional rehabilitation unit at a national referral hospital in Uganda will be recruited. All children are treated according to the WHO protocol for treatment of children with SAM. Children were randomly allocated to either receive a daily dose of probiotics or a dummy sachet of similar appearance and taste during the entire study period. The follow-up visits as an outpatient will last between 8 to 12 weeks depending on the recovery rate of the child. Each child will have body measurements performed at admission, discharge and at the follow-up visits every two weeks. Weight will be measured daily and height will be measured weekly during hospitalization. A thymus gland ultrasound scan will be carried out and blood and stool samples will be collected at admission, discharge and after 8 weeks follow-up. Diarrhea will be monitored closely with daily registration of stool frequency, stool consistency, vomiting and fever. Pneumonia is diagnosed by medical doctors.30 healthy children of the same age and from the same area will be included to collect reference samples of blood and feces and thymus scans.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
All children will benefit from the extra attention they may get in the study especially in relation to diarrhea and pneumonia. Children that receive the probiotics may benefit from a reduced occurrence and severity of diarrhea and pneumonia. The risk associated with treatment of children with SAM with the two probiotic strains is minimal. However, as the study population is vulnerable, an independent Data Safety Monitoring Board has been established to follow safety during the study. All the procedures carried out in the study involve no or minimal risk or discomfort to the children.
Where is the study run from?
The study takes place at Mwanamugimu Rehabilitation Nutrition Unit, National Referral, Mulago Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kampala, Uganda.
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
The study will take place between March 2014 and July 2015.
Who is funding the study?
Chr. Hansen A/S and University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Who is the main contact?
Prof. Henrik Friis
hfr@life.ku.dk
Trial website
Contact information
Type
Scientific
Primary contact
Prof Henrik Friis
ORCID ID
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2848-2940
Contact details
University of Copenhagen
Faculty of Science
Department of Nutrition
Exercise and Sports
Section: Paediatrics and International Nutrition
Rolighedsvej 30
Frederiksberg C
1958
Denmark
-
hfr@life.ku.dk
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Protocol/serial number
HND-IN-017
Study information
Scientific title
Role of Probiotics in recovery of children with Severe Acute Malnutrition: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study
Acronym
ProbiSAM
Study hypothesis
1. Probiotics are able to reduce the duration, incidence and severity of diarrhea in children with severe acute malnutrition
2. Probiotics are able to reduce the risk and duration of respiratory tract infections in children with severe acute malnutrition
3. Probiotics are able to increase nutritional recovery in children with severe acute malnutrition
4. Probiotics are able to change the microbiota, immune response and markers of environmental enteropathy in a beneficial direction in children with severe acute malnutrition
On 12/05/2014 the overall trial start date was changed from 01/02/2014 to 01/03/2014.
On 01/09/2015 the overall trial end date was changed from 01/07/2015 to 01/10/2015.
Ethics approval
1. Uganda: School of Medicine Research and Ethics committee (SOMREC) at Makerere University, 7 October 2013, #REC REF 2013-132.
2. Denmark: The National Committee on Health Research Ethics, 12/02/2014
Study design
Block-randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel study
Primary study design
Interventional
Secondary study design
Randomised controlled trial
Trial setting
Hospitals
Trial type
Quality of life
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use the contact details below to request a patient information sheet
Condition
Severe acute malnutrition (SAM)
Intervention
Two study arms - receiving one daily dose of:
1. Probiotic sachet containing two probiotic strains (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium)
2. Placebo sachet
The content of one probiotic/placebo sachet will be consumed daily during the study period: from hospital admission to discharge and throughout a follow-up period of 8 weeks to 3 months depending on the recovery rate of the child.
Intervention type
Other
Phase
Not Applicable
Drug names
Primary outcome measure
Current primary outcome measures as of 11/09/2015:
Duration of diarrhea during hospitalization
Previous primary outcome measures:
Duration of diarrhea episodes (days)
Secondary outcome measures
Current secondary outcome measures as of 11/09/2015:
1. Incidence and severity of diarrhea (during hospitalization and during the outpatient treatment period, respectively) and duration of diarrhea during the outpatient treatment period
2. Incidence, severity and duration of pneumonia (during hospitalization and during the outpatient treatment period, respectively)
3. Nutritional recovery based on weight gain (during hospitalization and during the outpatient treatment period, respectively)
4. Specific changes in gut microbiota, immune response and intestinal health markers as indicated in the study protocol (at discharge and after 8 weeks outpatient treatment)
Diarrhea, pneumonia and weight gain are measured throughout the study. Diarrhea and pneumonia will be measured daily and weight gain will be measured daily during the hospitalization and fortnightly during
the follow-up period. We will include all these measurements in the statistical analyses
Previous secondary outcome measures:
1. Incidence and severity of diarrhea episodes (during hospitalization and during the outpatient treatment period, respectively)
2. Incidence, severity and duration of pneumonia episodes (during hospitalization and during the outpatient treatment period, respectively)
3. Nutritional recovery based on weight gain (during hospitalization and during the outpatient treatment period, respectively)
4. Specific changes in gut microbiota, immune response and intestinal health markers as indicated in the study protocol (at discharge and after 8 weeks outpatient treatment)
Diarrhea, pneumonia and weight gain are measured throughout the study. Diarrhea and pneumonia will be measured daily and weight gain will be measured daily during the hospitalization and fortnightly during
the follow-up period. We will include all these measurements in the statistical analyses.
Overall trial start date
01/03/2014
Overall trial end date
01/10/2015
Reason abandoned (if study stopped)
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
1. Age 6 - 59 months
2. Children with severe acute malnutrition
3. Care-taker willing to come back for follow-up
4. Written informed consent obtained by parent or care-taker
Participant type
Patient
Age group
Child
Gender
Both
Target number of participants
400
Total final enrolment
400
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Patients with severe conditions and diseases
1.1. Shock at admission. Once stabilized, these children may be included.
1.2. Severe respiratory difficulty at admission. Once stabilized, these children may be included.
2. Weight below 4 kg at admission
3. Obvious disability, e.g. Cerebral palsy, hydrocephalus, Downs syndrome
4. Significant congenital diseases, e.g. Congenital heart disease
5. Malignant diseases
6. Patients considered by study staff not to be able to participate in the study
7. Patients being admitted with SAM in the last 6 months
8. Patients participating in another study
Recruitment start date
01/03/2014
Recruitment end date
01/10/2015
Locations
Countries of recruitment
Uganda
Trial participating centre
Mwanamugimu Rehabilitation Nutrition Unit
National Referral
Mulago Hospital
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Kampala
-
Uganda
Sponsor information
Organisation
Chr. Hansen A/S (Denmark)
Sponsor details
Bøge Allé 10-12
Hørsholm
2970
Denmark
Sponsor type
Industry
Website
Funders
Funder type
University/education
Funder name
Chr. Hansen A/S (Denmark)
Alternative name(s)
Funding Body Type
Funding Body Subtype
Location
Funder name
University of Copenhagen (Denmark)
Alternative name(s)
Funding Body Type
Funding Body Subtype
Location
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
To be confirmed at a later date
Intention to publish date
Participant level data
Not expected to be available
Basic results (scientific)
Publication list
1. 2017 results in https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28079729
2. 2019 results in: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31169661 (added 10/06/2019)