Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, feelings, and sense of well-being. The aim of this study is to determine if altering sleep patterns combined with light therapy in the morning can speed up the treatment of depression.
Who can participate?
People aged 18-65 with depression
What does the study involve?
Participants are randomly allocated to one of two treatments: Wake and Light Therapy or Sleep and Light Therapy. In the Wake and Light Therapy group, participants are helped to change the pattern of their sleep by depriving them of sleep for one night. On Day 1 they are supported to stay up all night and the following day at the Hospital. They can go to bed by 5pm at their home on Day 2. They need to get up by about 1am and return to the hospital to be supported to stay awake. They then go to bed at 7pm on Day 3. They are asked to sleep until 3am and then stay awake at home until bed at 9pm on Day 4. They then get up by 5am on Day 5 and stay awake until 11pm to resume a normal sleep routine waking by 7am on Day 6. They are also given a light box to use each morning. They are asked to sit about one foot away from a light box. They are free to have breakfast, read or use a computer while facing towards the light. Treatment with a light box lasts 30 minutes. In the Sleep and Light Therapy group, participants are given information and advice on how to get a good night's sleep. They are also given a light box to use in the morning for 1 week as described above. All participants complete various questionnaires and are seen by the research team after 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks and at 6 months after the treatment commences. Both groups may continue with other treatments such as medication or talking therapies. If they are taking anti-depressant medication, there should be no plans by their doctor to change the dose of any medication or to start additional medication for depression in the next 6 months.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
It is not known whether this treatment will help for certain, but it may help some people with depression. Information from this study will help researchers better understand whether it can be a practical treatment in the community and whether it is worth doing a larger study. One of the possible disadvantages may be the time and burden to complete the questionnaires and attend the research interview. The only potential risk of treatment is of triggering an episode of mania, but this should be a rare occurrence as people with bipolar disorder are excluded from this study.
Where is the study run from?
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (UK)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
January 2017 to August 2019
Who is funding the study?
King's Health Partners (UK)
Who is the main contact?
Dr Clara Humpston
Clara.Humpston@kcl.ac.uk
Trial website
Contact information
Type
Public
Primary contact
Dr Clara Humpston
ORCID ID
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5132-1531
Contact details
Institute of Psychiatry
Psychology and Neuroscience
King's College London
London
SE5 8AF
United Kingdom
+44 (0)7553 518853
clara.humpston@kcl.ac.uk
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Protocol/serial number
R&D2017/096
Study information
Scientific title
Sleep, wake and light therapy for depression: a randomised parallel trial
Acronym
Study hypothesis
To compare the rate of recruitment and adherence to the treatments in both groups.
Ethics approval
London - Bromley Research Ethics Committee, 02/12/2017, ref: 17/LO/1567
Study design
Multicentre randomised parallel-group single-blind interventional study
Primary study design
Interventional
Secondary study design
Randomised parallel trial
Trial setting
Community
Trial type
Treatment
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use the contact details to request a patient information sheet
Condition
Unipolar major depression
Intervention
Method of randomisation: stratified block randomisation with fixed block sizes stratified by Season of the Year.
Wake and Light Therapy:
Participants will be helped to change the pattern of their sleep by depriving them of sleep for one night. On Day 1 they will be supported to stay up all night and the following day at the Hospital. They can go to bed by 5pm at their home on Day 2. They will need to get up by about 1am and return to the hospital to be supported to stay awake. They will then go to bed at 7pm on Day 3. They will be asked to sleep until 3am and then stay awake at home until bed at 9pm on Day 4. They will then get up by 5am on Day 5 and stay awake until 11pm to resume a normal sleep routine waking by 7am on Day 6. They will also be given a light box to use each morning. For the light box, they will be asked to sit about one foot away from a light box. They will be free to have breakfast, read or use a computer while facing towards the light. Treatment with a light box will last 30 minutes. They may continue to have treatment as usual.
Sleep and Light Therapy:
Participants will be given information and advice on how to get a good night's sleep. They will be also given a light box to use in the morning for 1 week. For the light box, they will be asked to sit about one foot away from a light box. They will be free to have breakfast, read or use a computer while facing towards the light. Treatment with a light box will last 30 minutes when you get up. They may continue to have any treatment as usual (for example medication or talking therapies).
As part of the research, participants will need to complete various questionnaires and be seen by the research team after 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks and at 6 months after the treatment commences.
Intervention type
Behavioural
Phase
Phase II
Drug names
Primary outcome measure
Number of participants recruited per month/adherence to the protocol, measured during Week 1
Secondary outcome measures
1. Depressive symptom severity, assessed using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale – observer rated at baseline, 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks and 6 months post-randomisation
2. Overall clinical impression, assessed using Clinical Global Impression and Improvement Scale (Guy, 1976) – observer rated at baseline, 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks and 6 months post-randomisation
3. Subjective feelings of depression, assessed using Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - self rated version (Triveni et al, 2004) at baseline, 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks and 6 months post-randomisation
4. Tendency to engage in ruminative thoughts, assessed using the Brief Ruminative Response Scale (Topper et al, 2014) – self rated at baseline, 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks and 6 months post-randomisation
5. Sleep quality, assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Index (Bysse et al, 1999) – self rated at baseline, 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks and 6 months post-randomisation
6. General health, assessed using Euroquol 5D (EQ5-D) (1990) – self rated at baseline, 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks and 6 months post-randomisation
7. Amount of anti-depressant drugs (in mg of anti-depressant equivalents) (Hayasaka et al, 2015) or benzodiazepine drugs (in mg of diazepam equivalents) at baseline, 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks and 6 months post-randomisation
8. Amount of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy or any other counselling or psychotherapy (number of hours) at baseline, 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks and 6 months post-randomisation
9. Total sleep time, measured using a daily sleep diary at 3 days pre-randomisation and 7 days post-randomisation
10. The credibility of the intervention and expectation of whether their mood will improve rapidly (Devilly, 2000), measured at baseline
11. Sleep/wake activity, measured with wrist actigraph from GeneActiv daily at 3 days pre-randomisation and 7 days post-randomisation
12. DSM-IV diagnoses, assessed using MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview Version 5.0 – observer rated at baseline
13. Morning/evening preference, assessed using Morning and Evening Questionnaire – self rated at baseline
Overall trial start date
08/01/2017
Overall trial end date
31/08/2019
Reason abandoned (if study stopped)
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
1. Diagnosis of Depressive Episode (ICD10 F32) or Recurrent Depressive Disorder (F33)
2. Minimum score of 8 or more on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (6 item) (Range 0-22) (Bech,1981)
3. Age 18-65
4. Able to give informed consent
5. Women of child bearing age may be included and no methods of contraception is required to enable inclusion into the trial
Participant type
Patient
Age group
Adult
Gender
Both
Target number of participants
60
Total final enrolment
93
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Current diagnosis of Seasonal Affective Disorder
2. Current diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia
3. Current diagnosis of an obsessive compulsive or related disorder
4. Current diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder
5. History of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder
6. Severe cognitive impairment, dementia, intellectual disability or organic brain disorder
7. History of stimulant or hallucinogenic misuse, alcohol or substance misuse or dependence in past 3 months
8. Borderline Personality Disorder or other personality disorder considered to be the main problem
9. Duration of depression more than 2 years
10. Significant risk of suicide that requires hospitalisation
11. Severe eye disease or cataracts or traumatic injury or visual impairment affecting both eyes
12. History of epilepsy, uncontrolled severe headaches, or stroke as this may lower seizure threshold through sleep deprivation
13. Unstable medical condition that would make wake therapy intolerable
14. Untreated sleep disorder such as obstructive sleep apnoea or narcolepsy
15. Use of photo-sensitizing drugs
16. Current night-shift work
17. Non-English speaker
Recruitment start date
08/01/2018
Recruitment end date
22/02/2019
Locations
Countries of recruitment
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience
King's College London
16 De Crespigny Park
Denmark Hill
London
SE5 8AF
United Kingdom
Sponsor information
Organisation
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
Sponsor details
Joint R&D Office of South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
and Institute of Psychiatry
Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN)
Box P005
Institute of Psychiatry
Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN)
De Crespigny Park
London
SE5 8AF
United Kingdom
Sponsor type
University/education
Website
Funders
Funder type
Hospital/treatment centre
Funder name
King's Health Partners
Alternative name(s)
Funding Body Type
private sector organisation
Funding Body Subtype
academic
Location
United Kingdom
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
Protocol with statistical analysis plan will be made available on request. Publications in peer-reviewed journals planned for 2019, approximately one year after the trial’s completion. Results disseminated at national and international conferences in 2019.
IPD sharing statement
The data sharing plans for the current study are unknown and will be made available at a later date.
Intention to publish date
31/08/2020
Participant level data
To be made available at a later date
Basic results (scientific)
Publication list