Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Air pollution can seriously affect people’s health; young children and older adults are particularly vulnerable to its effects. Air pollution, which mainly comes from traffic exhaust fumes, can cause breathing and heart problems and has been linked to disease and early death. Older adults are encouraged to be physically active and carry out daily activities such as walking, cycling and taking part in sports to maintain their health. However, many physical activities are performed outdoors. Normally, outdoor activities are a healthy way to keep fit, but when air pollution levels are high, outdoor exercise may have a negative effect on a person’s health. The Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) is a health risk communication tool which provides information on current and forecast air quality conditions. The AQHI tool provides advice to guide outdoor activities and to reduce the risk of adverse health effects from exposure to high levels of air pollution. This study aims to test whether following AQHI advice is effective in reducing the risk of adverse health effects of air pollution in healthy older adults.
Who can participate?
Healthy adults 55 years and older.
What does the study involve?
Participants are randomly allocated into one of two groups. Those in group 1 (intervention group) are asked to exercise every day, but to exercise indoors rather than outdoors when the forecast AQHI value is 5 or greater. Those in group 2 (control group) are asked to exercise outdoors daily. All participants complete 10 weeks of daily health measures before and after exercise at home. Health measures are also carried out every week at a central site for the duration of the study.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
Participants will not benefit directly from participating in this study; however there is financial compensation at the completion of data collection. This study will entail a moderate time commitment of approximately 1 ½ hours per day and 4 hours once per week for 10 weeks. Clinical tests may cause some discomfort, however, any discomfort should be brief and transient. Some participants may experience some skin irritation at the electrode sites, but this reaction will disappear.
Where is the study run from?
University of Western Ontario (Canada)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
Feb 2015 to August 2016
Who is funding the study?
Health Canada (Canada)
Who is the main contact?
Dr D Stieb
dave.stieb@hc-sc.gc.ca
Trial website
Contact information
Type
Public
Primary contact
Dr David Stieb
ORCID ID
Contact details
445-757 West Hastings St. - Federal Tower
Vancouver
V6C 1A1
Canada
604 666 3701
dave.stieb@hc-sc.gc.ca
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Protocol/serial number
810438
Study information
Scientific title
A randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) in reducing cardiac and respiratory adverse effects of air pollution in adults 55 and over
Acronym
Study hypothesis
Reducing outdoor physical activity in accordance with advice provided through the Air Quality Health Index will reduce adverse cardiac and respiratory effects of air pollution in adults 55 and over.
Ethics approval
Health Canada/Public Health Agency of Canada, 23/04/2015, ref: 2012-0035.
Study design
Single-centre randomised trial
Primary study design
Interventional
Secondary study design
Randomised controlled trial
Trial setting
Community
Trial type
Prevention
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use contact details to request a participant information sheet
Condition
Cardiac and respiratory health
Intervention
1. The intervention group will be asked to exercise indoors rather than outdoors and avoid other outdoor activity prior to physiological testing when the maximum AQHI is forecast to be 5 or higher (on the remaining days they will exercise outdoors). The intervention group will receive instructions for a simple indoor exercise routine that can be completed on designated days.
2. The control group will exercise outdoors daily
Intervention type
Behavioural
Phase
Drug names
Primary outcome measure
Weekly measures before and after 30 minutes of mild activity:
1. Heart rate variability (Holter monitoring)
2. Endothelial function (Reactive Hyperemia Index - Peripheral artery tone)
3. Oxygen saturation (finger oximeter)
4. Blood pressure (automated sphygmomanometer)
5. Fraction of exhaled Nitric Oxide (exhaled NO sensor)
6. Spirometric measures (spirometer)
7. Urinary oxidative stress markers (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), 8-isoprostane, malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG))
Secondary outcome measures
Respiratory symptoms.
Overall trial start date
01/02/2015
Overall trial end date
31/08/2016
Reason abandoned (if study stopped)
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
1. Participants must be 55 years of age or older
2. Non-smokers
3. Not exposed to environmental tobacco smoke at home
4. No seasonal allergies
Participant type
Healthy volunteer
Age group
Senior
Gender
Both
Target number of participants
80
Total final enrolment
72
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Unstable angina
2. Atrial flutter
3. Atrial fibrillation
4. Paced rhythm
5. Left bundle branch block
6. Implanted cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)
7. Participants with allergies to latex or adhesives will be excluded
Recruitment start date
18/05/2015
Recruitment end date
30/06/2015
Locations
Countries of recruitment
Canada
Trial participating centre
University of Western Ontario
1151 Richmond St
London
N6A 3K7
Canada
Funders
Funder type
Government
Funder name
Health Canada
Alternative name(s)
Santé Canada
Funding Body Type
government organisation
Funding Body Subtype
National government
Location
Canada
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
Papers will be submitted to peer reviewed journals regarding primary study findings and possibly secondary findings regarding effect modification by genotype. It is estimated that the first paper will be submitted by 31/12/2018.
IPD sharing statement
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not expected to be made available due to privacy restrictions.
Intention to publish date
31/12/2018
Participant level data
Not expected to be available
Basic results (scientific)
Publication list
2019 results in https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31829725 (added 13/12/2019)