Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Metabolic syndrome is a term used to describe a combination of factors which increase a person’s risk of cardiovascular disease (disease of the heart and/or blood vessels). Many of these factors are linked with obesity, such as high blood pressure, cholesterol and body fat. Obesity is therefore considered to be the primary cause of metabolic syndrome, although there is evidence that it is related to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is where levels of insulin are so high that the cells in the body stop reacting to it. This means that the body is unable to process sugars properly and so blood sugar can become very high (hyperglycaemia). Metabolic syndrome also puts people at risk of developing cancer, and so improving the factors which make up metabolic syndrome could potentially help prevent some cancers. The Mediterranean diet is considered to be one of the healthiest diets worldwide. Rich in fruit, vegetables and whole grains, it has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and can keep obesity under control. The aim of this study is to find out whether a Mediterranean diet that is also high in fibre can help to reduce the factors which make up metabolic syndrome in cancer patients.
Who can participate?
Adult cancer patients showing signs of having metabolic syndrome.
What does the study involve?
Participants are randomly allocated into two groups. The first group are given a diet rich in whole grains and omega 3 fatty acids for a period of six months. Throughout the study, participants are asked to keep a food diary and attend weekly meetings in order to provide support and encouragement. The second group are provided with general information about a healthy diet with the same nutritional recommendations as the first group at the start of the study. No additional sessions are offered to provide help and support throughout the study for these participants however. At the start and end of the study participants in both groups are measured to find out if they have lost weight, and undergo blood tests to check their blood fat, cholesterol and sugar levels.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
Participants may benefit from resolution of their metabolic syndrome because of the change to their diet. There are no risks of participating in the study.
Where is the study run from?
National Cancer Institute "G. Pascale" (Italy)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
May 2014 to July 2015
Who is funding the study?
National Cancer Institute "G. Pascale" Foundation (Italy)
Who is the main contact?
Dr Vincenzo Quagliariello
quagliariello.enzo@gmail.com
Trial website
Contact information
Type
Scientific
Primary contact
Dr Vincenzo Quagliariello
ORCID ID
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-5401
Contact details
Via M. Semmola
Naples
80131
Italy
+39 331 776 7430
quagliariello.enzo@gmail.com
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Protocol/serial number
N/A
Study information
Scientific title
Effects of Mediterranean-style diet on inflammation markers and reversion of metabolic syndrome in cancer patients: role of plasmatic calprotectin
Acronym
OncoMedDiet
Study hypothesis
A Mediterranean diet with higher grain fiber intake would reduce the components of the metabolic syndrome in cancer patients independently of cancer stage or therapy, compared to a habitual Mediterranean diet.
Ethics approval
Not provided at time of registration
Study design
Single-centre pilot randomised parallel trial
Primary study design
Interventional
Secondary study design
Randomised parallel trial
Trial setting
Hospitals
Trial type
Prevention
Patient information sheet
Condition
Metabolic syndrome
Intervention
Cancer patients were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control diet. All participants in the study did not follow any kind of diet treatment eight months before the study. In addition, all participants did not practice physical exercise and maintained a constant weight at about 12 months and before the start of the study, each patient completed a daily food diary for initial screening test.
Intervention diet: Participants were given detailed information about the expected slimming, anti inflammatory and protective effects on its lipid and glucose homeostasis consuming suggested foods. In fact, we organized weekly meetings with cancer patients in order to accurately follow the course of the diet by using food diaries, providing also detailed explanations, psychological support and motivation throughout 6 months of diet. The caloric breakdown of the diet given in the intervention group was based on the following distribution: carbohydrates 50-55%, proteins 15-20%, total fat around 30% and saturated fat less than 10%.
Control diet: Participants followed general information about healthy food choices at baseline and at subsequent visits but were offered no specific individualized program. However, the general recommendation for macro-nutrient composition of the diet was similar to that for the intervention group (carbohydrates, 50-55%, proteins 15%-20% and total fat 30%.
Intervention type
Other
Phase
Drug names
Primary outcome measures
1. Metabolic syndrome markers (waist circumference, blood pressure, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose) measured using anthropometrics and blood analysis at baseline, 2, 4 and 6 months
2. Plasma calprotectin measured using blood analysis at baseline, 2, 4 and 6 months
Secondary outcome measures
1. C-Reactive Protein measured by blood analysis at baseline 2, 4 and 6 months
2. Homocysteine measured by blood analysis at baseline 2, 4 and 6 months
3. Insulin measured by blood analysis at baseline 2, 4 and 6 months
4. HOMA-IR measured by blood analysis at baseline 2, 4 and 6 months
5. LDL-cholesterol measured by blood analysis at baseline 2, 4 and 6 months
Overall trial start date
06/05/2014
Overall trial end date
14/07/2015
Reason abandoned
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
1. Aged between 18 and 65 years
2. Oncology patients
3. Have at least three of the following characteristics:
3.1. Waist circumference of at least 88 cm in women and 102 cm in men
3.2. Low levels of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), specifically less than 40 mg/dL for men and less than 50 mg/dL for women (or taking drug treatment for reduced HDL-C)
3.3. Hypertriglyceridemia with triglycerides level of at least 150 mg/dL (or taking drug treatment for elevated triglycerides is an alternate indicator)
3.4. Systolic blood pressure of at least 130 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of at least 85 mmHg (or taking antihypertensive drug treatment in a patient with a history of hypertension)
3.5. Fasting plasma glucose value of 100 mg/dL or greater due to loss of glucose homeostasis (or taking drug treatment of elevated glucose is an alternate indicator)
Participant type
Patient
Age group
Adult
Gender
Both
Target number of participants
150
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Patients with cognitive and psychosocial problems
2. Genetic disorders
3. Smokers
4. Drug addicts or abusers of alcohol (consumption of at least ≥500 g/wk in the last year)
Recruitment start date
10/06/2014
Recruitment end date
13/01/2015
Locations
Countries of recruitment
Italy
Trial participating centre
National Cancer Institute "G. Pascale"
Department of Cardiology
Via M. Semmola
Naples
80131
Italy
Trial participating centre
National Cancer Institute "G. Pascale"
Department of Abdominal Oncology
Via M. Semmola
Naples
80131
Italy
Funders
Funder type
Hospital/treatment centre
Funder name
National Cancer Institute "G. Pascale" Foundation
Alternative name(s)
Funding Body Type
Funding Body Subtype
Location
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
Publication of results in the Journal of Nutrition, Cancer and Cardiovascular disease and presenting the abstract, posters and a discussions at the International Workshop on Cardiology (AICO-AIOM) and cancer in the next year.
Intention to publish date
01/09/2016
Participant level data
To be made available at a later date
Results - basic reporting
Publication summary