Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Weight loss surgery (also called bariatric surgery) is the method that currently works best to induce sustained weight loss in severe and morbid obese individuals. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are among the most commonly used techniques. RYGBP is a restrictive and malabsorptive technique (malabsorption means that the body does not absorb certain nutrients), whereas SG is a restricted only approach. Knowledge regarding the effects of bariatric surgery on absorption and metabolism of minerals, as well as cellular and molecular mechanisms involved is limited. This research aims to study the mechanisms through which Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy affect absorption, metabolism and the nutritional status of selected minerals.
Who can participate?
Subjects will be recruited among women with residence in Santiago, Chile, starting in March 2008.
What does the study involve?
The study will be carried out in adult pre menopausal women with body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg/m2plus some co-morbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, insulin resistance, sleep apnea, dyslipidemia or BMR > 40 kg/m2regardless the presence of co-morbidities, using a contraceptive method (IUD, oral contraceptives or tubal ligation). Patients will be evaluated from the period immediately before, until 12 and 24 months after the surgery. The patient's doctor will decide whether the patient is treated by RYGBP or SG. Before and after 12 and 24 months of RYGBP and SG, Zn, heme iron, non-hem iron, and calcium absorptions will be evaluated, besides, a series of determinations related to nutritional status of Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca will be carried out. Other determinations include body composition, bone mineral density, and plasma hormones such as adiponectin and ghrelin. Before and after 12 months of surgery gene expression of mineral-related cell transporters will be determined in intestinal mucosa and peripheral mononuclear cells.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
Benefits include the results of a comprehensive description of patients' Zn, Fe, Ca, and Cu nutritional status during the first two years after surgery, which may be useful for further adjustment of their nutritional management. Risks involve the potential inconveniences related to surgical procedures, all of them explained in detail in the informed consent form.
Where is the study run from?
All procedures on the patients will be carried out at the Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
The study started in March 2008 and is expected to be completed in November 2012.
Who is funding the study?
The study is funded by the National Fund for the Development of Science and Technology (Fondecyt), Chile.
Who is the main contact?
Dr Manuel Ruz
mruz@med.uchile.cl
Trial website
Contact information
Type
Scientific
Primary contact
Dr Manuel Ruz
ORCID ID
Contact details
Department of Nutrition
Faculty of Medicine
University of Chile
Independencia 1027
Santiago
8380453
Chile
562-9786134
mruz@med.uchile.cl
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Protocol/serial number
Fondecyt 1080576
Study information
Scientific title
Studies of the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy in morbid obesity on mineral and absorption and metabolism: cellular mechanisms involved
Acronym
BYM
Study hypothesis
1. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) will have a greater effect on iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and calcium (Ca) nutritional status than sleeve gastrectomy (SG). In both types of surgery the effects will be more profound after 12 than 24 months of the intervention.
2. The intestinal absorption of zinc, calcium, heme iron, and non-heme iron will be decreased after RYGBP and SG. Such impairment will be more important after RYGBP than after SG and in both cases decreased absorption will be greater after 12 than 24 months of surgery.
3. Twelve months after SG, gene expression of Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca transporters will be increased in duodenal mucosa with respect to pre surgery values.
4. Twelve months after RYGBP gene expression of Zn, Fe, Cu and Ca transporters in jejunum mucosa close to the stomach will tend to mimic gene expression of transporters observed in duodenal mucosa.
5. Twelve and 24 months after RYGBP and SG bone mineral density will be decreased compared to pre surgery values. This change will be related to increased adiponectin and decreased ghrelin plasma concentrations and it will be independent of calcium intake and absorption.
Ethics approval
1. Ethics Committee for Research in Humans from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile, 12/07/2007, ref: 1296
2. Advisor Ethics committee of the Granting Agency (Fondecyt), 18/03/2008
Study design
Interventional non-randomized parallel two arms
Primary study design
Interventional
Secondary study design
Non randomised study
Trial setting
Hospitals
Trial type
Treatment
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use the contact details below to request a patient information sheet
Condition
Severe and morbid obesity
Intervention
The decision in terms of what type of surgical procedure the patient will undergo (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy) is made by the patient's surgeon. After the surgery the individuals receive two types of supplements as detailed later; because RYGBP is a restrictive-malabsorptive procedure amounts of micronutrients is greater than that of sleeve gastrectomy.
1. RYGBP group: A vitamin-mineral supplement (Maltofer vit® Andromaco Laboratories, Santiago, Chile (1 tablet/d) + a Calcium and vitamin D supplement (Elcal D-PLUS® Andromaco Laboratories, Santiago, Chile) (1 tablet/d).
2. SG group: A vitamin-mineral supplement (Centrum® Wyeth laboratories, St Laurent, Montreal, Canada) (1 tablet/d) + a specially designed mineral capsule containing 22 mg Fe, 8.5 mg Zn, and Cu 1.1 mg (1 capsule/d) + a Calcium and vitamin D supplement (Elcal D-PLUS® (1 tab/d).
The composition of each supplement is shown in the following table
Daily supply of selected micronutrients provided to obese women after Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)
SG - RYGBP
Calcium (mg) 662 - 750
Mg mg 100 - 30
Zinc (mg) 15 - 25
Iron (mg) 36 - 60
Copper (ug) 1800 - 3000
Selenium (ug) 25 - 0
Manganese (mg) 2.5 - 5
Iodine (ug) 150 -200
Chromium (ug) 25 - 50
Molibdenum (ug) 25 - 50
Beta carotene (mg) 600 - 0
Vitamin C (mg) 60 -100
Vitamin E (mg) 15 - 30
Folic acid (ug) 200 -1000
Thiamin (mg) 1.4 - 3
Riboflavin (mg) 1.6 - 3
Vitamin B6 (mg) 2 -10
Vitamin B12 (ug) 1 -10
Niacin (mg) 18 - 30
Biotin (ug) 150 - 100
Panthotenic acid (mg) 6 -7
Vitamin A (ug) 600 - 1200
Vitamin D (IU) 600 - 800
Intervention type
Procedure/Surgery
Phase
Drug names
Primary outcome measure
1. Zn and Ca determined by the use of stable isotopes
2. Hem Fe and non-hem Fe absorption determined by the use of radioactive isotopes
3. Zn status (Plasma Zn, hair Zn, rapidly exchangeable zinc pool EZP)
4. Ca status (PTH, serum Ca and vitamin D)
5. Fe status (Hemoglobin, hematocrit, zinc-protoporphyrin, serum ferritin, serum transferrin receptor and
6. Cu status (plasma Cu)
Measured before and 12 and 24 months after surgery
Secondary outcome measures
1. Hormone (ghrelin and adiponectine concentrations) measured before and 12 and 24 months after surgery
2. Body composition and bone mineral density (by DEXA) measured before and 12 and 24 months after surgery
3. Mieral-related gene expression (Ca: TRPV5 and TRPV6; Fe: DMT1 and FPN1; Zn: Zip 4 and ZnT1; Cu: hCTR1 and ATP7A) intestinal biopsies before and 12 months after surgery
Overall trial start date
18/03/2008
Overall trial end date
30/11/2012
Reason abandoned (if study stopped)
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
1. Adut pre-menopausal women with body mass index (BMI) > 35 plus some co-morbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, insulin resistance, sleep apnea, dyslipidemia or BMR > 40 regardless the presence of co-morbidities
2. Indication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy
3. The use of a contraceptive method (IUD, oral contraceptives or tubal ligation), will be required prior to participation in the studies due to the use of radioactive isotopes. Furthermore, a pregnancy test will be conducted before the study
4. Consent to participate
Participant type
Patient
Age group
Adult
Gender
Female
Target number of participants
40
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Record of inflammatory bowel disease
2. Malabsorption syndrome
3. Liver or pancreatic disease
4. Chronic anemia
5. Low adherence to previous medical treatments
6. Pregnancy
Recruitment start date
18/03/2008
Recruitment end date
30/11/2012
Locations
Countries of recruitment
Chile
Trial participating centre
University of Chile
Santiago
8380453
Chile
Sponsor information
Organisation
University of Chile (UK)
Sponsor details
Department of Nutrition
Faculty of Medicine
Independencia 1027
Santiago
8380453
Chile
Sponsor type
University/education
Website
Funders
Funder type
Government
Funder name
Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico
Alternative name(s)
National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development, FONDECYT
Funding Body Type
government organisation
Funding Body Subtype
federal
Location
Chile
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
Not provided at time of registration
Intention to publish date
Participant level data
Not provided at time of registration
Basic results (scientific)
Publication list
2012 results in: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22952172
2014 results in: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24435517
2018 results in: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29878034
Publication citations
-
Results
Ruz M, Carrasco F, Rojas P, Codoceo J, Inostroza J, Basfi-Fer K, Valencia A, Csendes A, Papapietro K, Pizarro F, Olivares M, Westcott JL, Hambidge KM, Krebs NF, Heme- and nonheme-iron absorption and iron status 12 mo after sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in morbidly obese women., Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2012, 96, 4, 810-817, doi: 10.3945/ajcn.112.039255.
-
Results
Carrasco F, Basfi-Fer K, Rojas P, Valencia A, Csendes A, Codoceo J, Inostroza J, Ruz M, Changes in bone mineral density after sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass: relationships with variations in vitamin D, ghrelin, and adiponectin levels, Obes Surg, 2014 , 24, 6, 877-884, doi: 10.1007/s11695-014-1179-0.