Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Vitamin D is known to play a role in bone health and there is increasing evidence that vitamin D is important to muscle strength and function in ageing. Several studies have shown that South Asians living in the UK have a low vitamin D status and this could be due to limited sun exposure. Some studies have reported improvement in muscle strength and function in response to vitamin D supplementation, however, these studies have been largely confined to the Caucasian population. In this study, we will investigate whether vitamin D supplementation in a population of UK South Asian post-menopausal women with low vitamin D status will improve muscle strength and function.
We hypothesize that vitamin D supplementation improved vitamin D status will have a beneficial effect on muscle strength and function in UK South Asian women.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of improving vitamin D status on muscle strength and function in UK South Asian post-menopausal women.
Who can participate?
South Asian women living in the UK, aged 60-75 years.
What does the study involve?
A variety of methods will be used to advertise the study to potential volunteers. Leaflets prepared in Urdu and English language will be distributed to relevant organizations. South Asians community centres, church and Indian temples (Gurdwara) will be approached and information sessions will be arranged. Participant information sheets will be distributed among interested and eligible participants at the end of the session.
Followed a face to face information session at community centres (as detailed above), contact details will be requested from potential participants. These will be followed by a telephone call with interested participants to ask if they had read the participant information sheet and decided to take part in a study. A one to one appointment will be arranged with potential participants at one of the above places or any place for their convenience.
There will be a total of three meetings with the researcher.
In visit one i.e., about 50-60 minutes, participant's eligibility for this study will be checked and they will be asked to sign a written consent form before starting the study procedure. Finger prick blood spot for vitamin D measurement will be taken and sent to Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospital NHS Trust on the same day and used to measure the vitamin D status. The assessments for muscle strength and function will be performed at visit one.
This will be the screening stage and we aim to recruit approximately 100 participants at visit one in order to get 70 participants to enter on to intervention study. Only vitamin D supplements non- users will be eligible for inclusion. The participants who have low vitamin D levels (below 50nmol/L) will be entered onto intervention study (visit two). Any participant found to have an adequate vitamin D level (equal or above than 50nmol/L) will be excluded and will not enter onto intervention study.
In visit two i.e., within 2 weeks of visit one and last about 10-15 minutes. All eligible participants will be randomized into two equal groups to receive either 3000IU vitamin D oral spray or placebo oral spray once on daily basis for 12 weeks. Neither the participant nor the researcher will know which participant taking oral vitamin D or placebo oral spray.
During visit three (50-60 minutes) i.e., after 12 weeks of being on the supplement or placebo, participants will be invited back at the community centre or temple for their 3rd and final meeting with the researcher. They will be asked for a finger prick blood spot so we can check their vitamin D status and we will repeat the muscle strength and function assessments we made at the 1st visit.
For adherence/compliance to intervention, the researcher will make a telephone call to each participant up to 6 times during the intervention period to make sure that they are using supplement/placebo as advised.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
At the end of the study participants will be told their blood vitamin D level and muscle strength (strength in both hands and legs) and physical function level that might not come into the routine assessment. All deficient participants will be supplied with free vitamin D oral spray at the end of the study.
Participants will be asked to use oral vitamin D or placebo spray once on daily basis for 12 weeks. It is unlikely to have an adverse effect from the dose and duration the supplement will be used as participants will be deficient at baseline. They will be asked not to use any other vitamin D supplement during this period, any multivitamin that contains vitamin D, liver cod oil or omega-3 capsules. Finger-prick method of taking blood spot for checking vitamin D may cause little pain but it would be temporary and they may perform it themselves. Physical function assessments may cause some exertion however these are safe and easy to perform and the researcher will be with them for any assistance.
Where is the study run from?
The study is run from the Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, UK. This is the only site.
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run?
The study is starting on 4th March 2019 and is expected to run until Feb 2020. Volunteers will be enrolled in the study for approximately 14 weeks from visit 1 to visit 3.
Who is funding the study?
The study is funded by the University of Sheffield (through the provision of staff and use of PhD fees). The supplement and placebo have been supplied by Better You Ltd, Barnsley, UK. Better You Ltd have had no involvement in the design or delivery of the study and will have no involvement in the analysis or interpretation of the results.
Who is the main contact?
The main person to contact regarding this study is Dr Elizabeth Williams, Senior Lecturer in Human Nutrition, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, e.a.williams@sheffield.ac.uk
Trial website
Contact information
Type
Scientific
Primary contact
Dr Elizabeth Williams
ORCID ID
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1431-7549
Contact details
The University of Sheffield
The Medical School
Beech Hill Road
Sheffield
S10 2RX
United Kingdom
N/A
e.a.williams@sheffield.ac.uk
Type
Public
Additional contact
Miss Sabeen Zahra
ORCID ID
Contact details
The University of Sheffield
The Medical School
Beech Hill Road
Sheffield
S10 2RX
United Kingdom
07925034704
szahra1@sheffield.ac.uk
Type
Scientific
Additional contact
Dr Bernard Corfe
ORCID ID
Contact details
The University of Sheffield
The Medical School
Beech Hill Road
Sheffield
S10 2RX
United Kingdom
SHEFFIELD
S10 2RX
United Kingdom
N/A
b.m.corfe@sheffield.ac.uk
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
N/A
ClinicalTrials.gov number
N/A
Protocol/serial number
022981
Study information
Scientific title
A randomized placebo-controlled trial to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength and function in UK South Asian post-menopausal women
Acronym
VITD trial
Study hypothesis
Muscle strength and function will improve in vitamin D deficient women upon repletion with vitamin D.
Ethics approval
Approved 05/02/2019, the Ethics committee at the University of Sheffield (Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX; medschoolethics@sheffield.ac.uk; +44 (0) 114 215 9058), ref: 022981.
Study design
Two arm parallel design double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial
Primary study design
Interventional
Secondary study design
Randomised controlled trial
Trial setting
Community
Trial type
Treatment
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use contact details to request a participant information sheet.
Condition
Vitamin D deficiency
Intervention
This is a double blinded randomised (added 13/07/2020) placebo controlled trial. Both treatment arms will be treated identically.
Postmenopausal South Asian women (aged 60-75) will be recruited and consented. There are 3 visits associated with the study. At visit 1: A fingerprick blood sample will be collected for the analysis of vitamin D status. Muscle strength and function will be measured using functional performance measures. Demographic details will be collected. Physical activity level and diet habits will be self-reported. At visit 2: participants found to have a vitamin D status greater then or equal to 50nmol/L will be excluded. The remaining participants will be randomized to placebo or vitamin D supplement (75microg/d Vitamin D3) that they will be asked to take daily for 12 weeks. At visit 3: A final fingerprick blood sample will be collected for the analysis of vitamin D status. Muscle strength and function will be measured using a functional performance measures. There will be no further follow up of participants.
Total duration of intervention: 12 weeks
Total duration participant is involved in the study: 14 weeks
Randomisation process: This is a double blind placebo control trial. Volunteers will be randomly allocated to treatment or placebo using a block randomisation schedule in blocks of 4. The randomisation code has been generated using a randomisation generator and will be held by a 3rd party until analysis is complete.
Intervention type
Supplement
Phase
Drug names
Primary outcome measure
Single chair stand as an indicator of lower limb muscle strength assessed using a stopwatch at baseline and following 12 weeks of vitamin D supplementation.
Secondary outcome measures
1. Circulating vitamin D level (nmol/L) will be measured at entry to determine vitamin D status and after 12 weeks supplementation to assess the ability of the supplement to replete vitamin D status. Measured using mass spectrometry.
2. Short physical performance battery (SPPB) [repeated chair stand test (s), balance test (s) and timed up and go test (s)] will be performed at baseline and at 12 weeks of vitamin D supplementation as parameter of muscle strength and function. Measured using a stopwatch.
3. Hand-grip strength (kg) of both hands will be performed at baseline and at 12 weeks as an indicator of upper limb muscle strength. Measured using Jamar hand dynamometry.
4. Walking speed test (s) will be performed at baseline and at 12 weeks as parameter of muscle function. Measured using a stopwatch.
5. Body fat and muscle mass will be measured at baseline and at 12 weeks as parameter of body composition. Measured using Bioelectrical Impedance.
6. General interview (demographic, anthropometric and health history etc) will be conducted at start and exist.
7. Pre and post course self-reported physical activity interview by using international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) - short form.
8. Diet and nutrition knowledge interview will be conducted once during the study.
Overall trial start date
01/09/2018
Overall trial end date
31/12/2019
Reason abandoned (if study stopped)
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
1. South Asian women (Indians and Pakistanis)
2. Aged 60-75 years
3. Able to walk without assistance
Participant type
Healthy volunteer
Age group
Adult
Gender
Female
Target number of participants
70 with low vitamin D status to enter onto intervention. Approximately 100 for screening of baseline vitamin D status.
Participant exclusion criteria
Current exclusion criteria as of 13/07/2020:
1. vitamin D supplement user
2. Multi-vitamin user, cod liver oil user
3. Found to have vitamin D status equal or above than 50nmol/L at baseline/screening stage
4. Impaired cognition
Previous exclusion criteria:
1. vitamin D supplement user
2. Multi-vitamin user, cod liver oil user
3. Found to have vitamin D status equal or above than 50nmol/L at baseline screening
4. Impaired cognition
Recruitment start date
04/03/2019
Recruitment end date
28/11/2019
Locations
Countries of recruitment
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
The University of Sheffield
Department of Oncology and Metabolism
The Medical School
Beech Hill Road
Sheffield
S10 2RX
United Kingdom
Sponsor information
Organisation
The University of Sheffield
Sponsor details
The University of Sheffield
The Medical School
Beech Hill Road
Sheffield
S10 2RX
United Kingdom
07925034704
e.a.williams@sheffield.ac.uk
Sponsor type
University/education
Website
Funders
Funder type
University/education
Funder name
University of Sheffield
Alternative name(s)
Funding Body Type
private sector organisation
Funding Body Subtype
Universities (academic only)
Location
United Kingdom
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
Planned publication in a high impact peer-reviewed journal.
IPD sharing statement: ethical approval has been given on the following condition: 'The data collected will be used only by the research team (Sabeen Zahra, supervisors Dr Elizabeth Williams and Dr Bernard Corfe) for analysis purposes only. Participant identifiers will be destroyed at the end of the postgraduate research and all data destroyed 10 years after completion of the PhD'. Deviation from this would therefore require ethical approval. Data could be made available to researchers with a relevant research question on the condition that ethical approval is acquired. This would need to happen after publication between (12-36 months after the trial being published). Beyond that time, it is unknown whether investigators would have the resources/capacity to make data available to others.
Intention to publish date
31/07/2020
Participant level data
Not expected to be available
Basic results (scientific)
Publication list
Publication citations
Additional files
- ISRCTN41610200_PROTOCOL_4Mar19.docx Uploaded 08/03/2019