Safety of the Pronokal method in obese diabetic patients: The Diaprokal study.

ISRCTN ISRCTN55835754
DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN55835754
Secondary identifying numbers PRO-PRO-2009-01
Submission date
10/11/2014
Registration date
28/11/2014
Last edited
28/11/2014
Recruitment status
No longer recruiting
Overall study status
Completed
Condition category
Nutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine
Prospectively registered
Protocol
Statistical analysis plan
Results
Individual participant data
Record updated in last year

Plain English summary of protocol

Background and study aims
Obesity (being extremely overweight) is the cause of a large number of chronic diseases. Many of them are related to lipid metabolism, such as dyslipidaemia (too much fats and cholesterol in the blood), metabolic syndrome (MS), or coronary and vascular diseases. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common disorders in people who are obese. Obese T2DM patients also have the disadvantage that most of the medications used to treat T2DM may, in themselves, lead to weight gain. There are many different types of diets for the treatment and control of obesity. One diet that is highly recommended is a low-calorie diet, which works by limiting the intake of calories to between 800 and 1500 kcal per day. This type of diet reduces the intake of all essential nutrients into the body in a balanced way. It results in weight loss in the short term but does not prevent the patient from regaining weight in the long term. This is thought to be due to people not sticking to the diet or reducing the amount of energy they use (for example, by reducing the amount of exercise that they do). The protein diet (such as the PronoKal method), is a weight loss treatment based on a diet rich in high biological value proteins. It reduces the amount of fats and carbohydrates in the diet while, at the same time, providing the total amount of proteins necessary to maintain muscle mass. It thereby reduces the carbohydrates to a minimum, so that the body, after about 2 or 3 days, uses fat as a source of energy and creates ketone bodies to burn it. The diet is supplemented with essential vitamins and minerals. Studies on how successful the protein diet is show that it results in safe rapid weight loss which is maintained in the longer term. The protein diet may be particularly suitable for obese patients with T2DM. Some studies have shown that this type of diet not only results in weight loss, but it improves blood glucose and the glycated haemoglobin levels in patients with T2DM. Furthermore, it is also believed to have a therapeutic effect on the symptoms and control of this disease, which means that the patients may not need to take so much medication. Although several studies support the use of a protein diet in obese patients, including those with T2DM, there have been no in-depth studies looking at the effects on different clinical and pathophysiological indicators of the disease. Here, we want to compare the safety of the protein diet compared to the low-calorie diet and their effects on the metabolic control of T2DM and cardiovascular risk factors, sensitivity and insulin secretion.

Who can participate?
People aged between 30-65 with T2DM and a BMI of between 30-35.

What does the study involve?
Participants are randomly allocated into one of two groups. Those in group 1 are placed on a low calorie diet for 4 months. Those in group 2 are placed on a protein diet (Pronokal method) for 4 months. The two diets are then compared in terms of weight lost, safety, tolerability, effects on metabolic control of T2DM and effects on the risk of cardiovascular disease.

What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
The protein diet may be particularly suitable for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Some studies have shown that this type of diet not only reduces weight, but it improves blood glucose and the glycated haemoglobin levels in patients with T2DM. It is also believed to have a therapeutic effect on the symptoms and control of this disease, permitting medication to be reduced and lessening the risk factors. Subjects placed on the protein diet will undergo ketosis and must be under medical surveillance for the risk of liver and kidney alterations. The protein diet is recommended only for patients with normal liver and kidney function.

Where is the study run from?
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar (Spain)

When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
October 2010 to June 2011

Who is funding the study?
Pronokal® Group (Spain)

Who is the main contact?
Dr Albert Goday
AGoday@parcdesalutmar.cat

Contact information

Dr Albert Goday
Scientific

Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition (Departmento de Endocrinología y Nutrición)
Hospital del Mar
Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 25-29
Barcelona
08003
Spain

Phone +34932483000
Email AGoday@parcdesalutmar.cat

Study information

Study designOpen, randomized (1:1), controlled, multi-centre, prospective, clinical trial with a 4-month follow-up to evaluate the safety of a protein diet (PronoKal method) vs a balanced, low-calorie diet.
Primary study designInterventional
Secondary study designRandomised controlled trial
Study setting(s)Home
Study typeTreatment
Scientific titleOpen, controlled clinical study to evaluate the safety of a protein diet (PronoKal method) vs a balanced, low-calorie diet for weight loss in obese diabetic patients.
Study acronymDIAPROKAL Study
Study objectivesThis study aims to establish the equivalence in the safety of a protein diet compared to the low calorie diet, while at the same time, studying its effects on the metabolic control of DM and the cardiovascular risk factors, sensitivity and insulin secretion.
Ethics approval(s)1. Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica del Instituto Municipal de Asistencia Sanitaria. 22/10/2009
Barcelona, España.
2. Comitè Ètic d´ínvestigació Clínica de les Illes Balears, June 30, 2010. Palma de Mallorca, España.
3. Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica del Hospital Universitario Rio Ortega. Mars 27, 2010. Valladolid, España.
4. Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica del Hospital de Basurto. May 20, 2010. Basurto, Bilbao, España.
5. Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica de Galicia. April 20, 2010. Santiago de Compostela, España.
6. Subcomisión de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio de Sevilla. June 30, 2010. Sevilla, España.
Health condition(s) or problem(s) studiedObese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
InterventionThe total study duration will be six months, i.e. 2-month recruitment (or selection period) and 4-month follow up.
The study will be divided into two periods:
1. A screening period to identify the subject, obtain the Informed Consent, and take a blood analysis
2. A four month follow-up diet period, in which the subject is randomised into one of two study groups, and the safety and efficacy of the diet is evaluated
Intervention typeBehavioural
Primary outcome measureTo evaluate the safety and tolerability of a protein diet (PronoKal method) compared to a low-calorie diet (calorie intake 10% below basal metabolic rate, calculated using the FAO/WHO/UN formula21) in obese diabetic patients over a period of four months.

This will include measuring:
1. Weight and abdominal circumference
2. Capillary glycaemia and ketonemia
3. Blood pressure
4. Changes in the DM treatment
5. Adverse effects
6. Electrocardiogram
7. Changes in the DM treatment
8. Pancreatic β-cell reserve maintained
Secondary outcome measures1. To evaluate the differences in weight loss between obese diabetic patients who follow a protein diet (PronoKal method) vs obese diabetic patients who follow a balanced, low-calorie diet
2. To evaluate the effectiveness of the protein diet vs the low-calorie diet on metabolic control in obese diabetic patients
3. To compare the determination of plasma mineral values (sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, chlorine) in both groups (patients with a protein diet vs patients with a low-calorie diet), at 4 months of following the diet for reducing weight
4. To evaluate the effect of dietary protein vs a low-calorie diet on cardiovascular risk (CV) between the baseline and final visits
5. To evaluate the effect of a protein diet vs low-calorie diet on the pharmacological requirements for the treatment of DM between baseline and final visits
6. To compare diet adherence in both groups (patients who follow a protein diet vs patients who follow a low-calorie diet)
7. To compare diet satisfaction in both groups (patients who follow a protein diet vs patients who follow a low-calorie diet)
Overall study start date15/10/2010
Completion date15/06/2011

Eligibility

Participant type(s)Patient
Age groupAdult
SexBoth
Target number of participants90 patients will be selected, who will be divided between the study group and the control group (1:1 ratio).
Key inclusion criteria1. Patients of both sexes aged between the ages of 30 and 65
2. Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus with less than 10 years of evolution, non-insulin-
dependent1, with pancreatic β-cell reserve maintained and GAD-negative
3. Patients with HbA1c ≤9
4. Patients with a BMI between 30 and 35
5. Informed consent (IC) form signed before study participation
Key exclusion criteria1. Patients over 65 years
2. Pregnant or breastfeeding patients
3. Patients with severe eating disorders, alcoholism or drug abuse
4. Patients with severe psychological disorders (e.g. schizophrenia, bipolar disorder)
5. Patients with hepatic impairment
6. Patients with renal impairment
7. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus or insulin-dependent, or currently in treatment with insulin, or candidates for insulin treatment within a short period of time
8. Patients with obesity caused by other endocrine diseases (except T2DM)
9. Patients with blood disorders
10. Cancer patients
11. Patients with cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases (heart rhythm abnormalities, recent myocardial infarction [<6 months], unstable angina, decompensated heart failure, recent cerebrovascular accident [<6 months])
12. Patients with gout
13. Patients with kidney stones
14. Patients with cholelithiasis
15. Patients with depression
16. Patients with electrolyte abnormalities
17. Patients with orthostatic hypotension
18. Patients with an altered or abnormal electrocardiogram
Date of first enrolment15/10/2010
Date of final enrolment15/06/2011

Locations

Countries of recruitment

  • Spain

Study participating centre

Departmento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital del Mar.
Barcelona
08003
Spain

Sponsor information

Pronokal® Group
Industry

Centro Asesoría Dietética Presencial Barcelona.
c/ Roger Llúria, 58.
Spain
08009
Spain

Phone 901 100 262
Email info@pronokal.com
Website http://www.pronokal.com/
ROR logo "ROR" https://ror.org/03vjvtz41

Funders

Funder type

Industry

Pronokal® Group (Spain)

No information available

Results and Publications

Intention to publish date
Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to shareNo
IPD sharing plan summaryNot provided at time of registration
Publication and dissemination planNot provided at time of registration
IPD sharing plan