Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a condition characterized by increased upper airway resistance associated with an intermittent decrease or absence of inspiratory airflow, often causing arousals during sleep. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the name for a group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties. This study was designed to determine the coexistence and clinical evolution of OSA in patients hospitalized with acute respiratory failure due to COPD exacerbation receiving NIV with pressure support guaranteed with average volume (AVAPS).
Who can participate?
Patients with sleep apnoea exacerbated by COPD who require non-invasive mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit
What does the study involve?
Patients will provide a number of measurements that assess their respiratory capability.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
The main benefits are related to the experiences of the group of patients who responded to the AVAPS ventilation strategy. The polygraph study provided additional information that would allow us to establish strategies aimed at one towards the correction of that associated condition. On the other hand, this technique diminished the work of the respiratory muscles, giving rest the same in comparison to the conventional treatment (use of the mask of oxygen). The risks are related to the facial complications that could arise from the use of the mask and the airway pressure.
Where is the study run from?
Hospital Clinica Santa Maria Intensive Care Unit, Ecuador
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
August 2013 to August 2014
Who is funding the study?
School of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Ecuador
Who is the main contact?
Killen H. Briones Claudett, MSc, MD
killen.brionesc@ug.edu.ec
Michelle Grunauer, MD, PhD
mgrunauer@usfq.edu.ec
Trial website
Contact information
Type
Scientific
Primary contact
Prof Killen Harold Briones Claudett
ORCID ID
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-0362
Contact details
Universidad de Guayaquil
Facultad de Ciencias Médicas
Av. Kennedy y Av. Delta
Guayaquil
090514
Ecuador
+593 42893242
killen.brionesc@ug.edu.ec
Type
Scientific
Additional contact
Dr Michelle Grunauer
ORCID ID
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5821-7603
Contact details
Universidad San Francisco de Quito
Escuela de Medicina
Campus Cumbayá
Diego de Robles S/N
Quito
170901
Ecuador
+593 42893242
mgrunauer@usfq.edu.ec
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
Nil known
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Nil known
Protocol/serial number
18-2-2013; serial: 2013 (2)
Study information
Scientific title
Apnoea-hypopnoea index in COPD exacerbation and AVAPS
Acronym
Study hypothesis
H0: The apnoea-hypopnoea index in patients hospitalized with COPD exacerbation receiving non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) with pressure support guaranteed with average volume (AVAPS) in the Intensive Care Unit is frequent
H1: The apnoea-hypopnoea index in patients hospitalized with COPD exacerbation receiving NIV with pressure support guaranteed with average volume (AVAPS) in the Intensive Care Unit is not frequent
Ethics approval
Approved 18/02/2013, Teaching and Research Committee of the Santa Maria Clinic (Lorenzo de Garaycoa 3209 y Argentina, Guayaquil, GUAYAS, 090314, Argentina; +593 995527059; dra.maricabrera_21@hotmail.com), ref: 2013 (2)
Study design
Single-center prospective observational study
Primary study design
Observational
Secondary study design
Cohort study
Trial setting
Hospitals
Trial type
Diagnostic
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use the contact details below to request a patient information sheet
Condition
Sleep apnoea, COPD
Intervention
Protocol of noninvasive mechanical ventilation for the treatment of acute respiratory failure:
When the patient had been diagnosed with ARF in the emergency department, a senior physician was consulted for assessment and management, who decided to take the patients to the ICU, start NIV, and adjust its parameters. Accordingly, the patients were observed and evaluated by respiratory therapists, resident doctors, and nurses trained in NIV.
NIV with Pressure Support Guaranteed with Average Volume (AVAPS)
Patients could be placed in the modes that were spontaneous/timed with AVAPS with maximum inspiratory positive pressure (IPAP) programmed in the 20 cm H2O device and a minimum programmed IPAP of 12 cm H2O with positive expiratory pressure (EPAP) of 6 to 8 cm H2O.
The programmed tidal volume was 8 mL/kg of the ideal body weight using the following formula: 55.5 ± 2.3 (height in inches – 60) for men and 45.5 ± 2.3 (height in inches – 60) for women. Moreover, the respiratory rate was 12–14 breaths/min; the rise time was 300 to 400 ms; the inspiratory time was 0.8 to 1.2 s. Subsequently, the O2 supplements were added through an O2 adapter close to the mask to keep the SaO2 above 90%. The maximum IPAP, exhaled tidal volume (EVT), Vmin, and leakages were controlled through the ventilator software. The BiPAP synchrony with AVAPS and Autotrak (Respironics Inc., Murrysville, Pennsylvania, USA) was used along with a series of Mirage IV (Resmed) face masks.
In addition to ventilatory support, both groups received bronchodilators, intravenous corticosteroids, and antibiotic therapy consisting of beta-lactam in combination with a fluoroquinolone.
Measurements:
ABG was measured at the baseline of NIV use. Further, any complications related to the interphase (mask) were documented, and the mask use and tolerability related to excessive discomfort, nasal ulcer, gastric distension, and claustrophobia were evaluated as well. The following parameters were also collected: Vt, IPAP, Vt exh, Vmin, leakage, RR, and positive end-inspiratory pressure.
The data were measured as follows: age, sex, arterial blood gases at the beginning of the NIV protocol (pH, pCo2, HCO3, base excess), SaO2, HR, RR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and radiological alterations including (described as alterations in 1, 2, 3, an 4 quadrants) intercurrent disease, body mass index, and neck circumference. The Epworth sleepiness scale and Mallampati score were applied in this study.
The ABGs were made before and during treatment with NIV; the ventilatory parameters used were: mode (spontaneous, spontaneous/time, AVAPS), positive inspiratory pressure (IPAP), and positive expiratory pressure (EPAP). Further, the type of mask used was: mirage series IV. All the patients were evaluated by respiratory therapists under the strict supervision of trained NIV physicians.
Discontinuance Therapy with NIV
The process of weaning off the NIV was initiated when clinical stability was achieved, which was defined as: RR less than 24 breaths/min and improvement of (SaO2 > 92%), with a percentage of inspired FiO2 below 35%. Once the patient remained stable, the NIV was withdrawn.
NIV Withdrawal:
Clinical stability was defined as: 1) RR <25 rpm; 2) HR < 90 bpm; 3) compensated arterial pH with SaO2 (%) > 90% in ambient air or with low flow oxygen (< 3 L per minute).
Follow-up and Measurements During Hospitalization:
Pre and post-bronchodilator spirometry, using 400 mcg of salbutamol inhaled by MDI along with nightly sleep apnea monitoring, was obtained from patients before hospital discharge.
We used a spirometer with a turbine transducer DATOSPIR 70 (SILBELMET W-10) SIBEL S.A.Barcelona, Spain, and Polygraphy equipment (Apnea Link. Resmed) for these measurements.
Intervention type
Procedure/Surgery
Phase
Drug names
Primary outcome measure
Severity of sleep apnea measured using the apnoea-hypopnoea index during stay in the emergency department
Secondary outcome measures
1. Days of hospital stay in the emergency department
2. NIV rates during stay in the emergency department
3. Intubation rates during stay in the emergency department
Overall trial start date
03/01/2013
Overall trial end date
28/02/2015
Reason abandoned (if study stopped)
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
1. Age: 18 and older
2. Admitted to the intensive care unit of Santa Maria Clinic
3. Patients with ventilatory failure secondary to hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 45 mmHg, pH 7.35 or less)
4. Patients with inadequate oxygenation (PaO2 < 60 mmHg) breathing ambient air (SaO2 < 92%); e) severe dyspnea (RR > 25 breaths per minute) and use of accessory muscles during hospitalization
Participant type
Patient
Age group
Adult
Gender
Both
Target number of participants
30
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Hemodynamic instability
2. Noncooperative or agitated
3. Unable to use the interface device
4. Had recent surgery of the upper airway tract
5. Used NIV with a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order
6. Received some type of sedation during the period of study
Recruitment start date
01/07/2013
Recruitment end date
01/07/2014
Locations
Countries of recruitment
Ecuador
Trial participating centre
Hospital Clinica Santa Maria Intensive Care Unit
Lorenzo de Garaicoa 3209
Guayaquil
090314
Ecuador
Sponsor information
Organisation
School of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito,
Sponsor details
Valle de Cumbaya
Quito
170901
Ecuador
+593 998938210
mgrunauer@usfq.edu.ec
Sponsor type
University/education
Website
Funders
Funder type
University/education
Funder name
School of Medicine, Universidad San Francisco de Quito
Alternative name(s)
Funding Body Type
Funding Body Subtype
Location
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
2018–2020: Presentations for publication.
Planned publication in a high-impact peer-reviewed journal.
IPD sharing statement:
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request
Intention to publish date
30/12/2019
Participant level data
Available on request
Basic results (scientific)
Publication list