Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Obesity is the most potent risk factor for T2DM and it accounts for 80-85% of the overall risk of developing the disease. Modern laparoscopic bariatric surgery and in particular Roux-en-Y bypass (RYGB) is one of the safest operations in the field of surgery. In RYGB surgery, there are three intestinal segments or “limbs”: the “alimentary limb” through which food enters through a much smaller portion of stomach (the gastric pouch) to the small intestine, the “biliopancreatic limb” which includes the bypassed segment of duodenum and jejunum (parts of the small intestine) and through which digestive juices from the bile duct and pancreas flow, and the “common limb” which is where food and juices mix together.
For this study we will be comparing the safety and efficacy of a “standard” RYGB surgery with a short alimentary and long common limb to the “modified” RYGB with a long alimentary and short common limb. The purpose of this study is to assess whether “modified” RYGB achieves better glucose (glycaemic) control.
Who can participate?
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Body Mass Index (BMI) >30 kg/m2 who are on the waiting list for bariatric surgery at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London.
What does the study involve?
In addition to routine NHS care follow-up, patients will be asked to attend clinical trial follow-up at 10 days after the operation and after 3, 6 and 12 months. At an assessment before the operation, and at these follow-up visits, participants' blood samples, blood pressure and body weight will be measured. The number of glucose-lowering medications and adverse events will also be recorded.
There is an optional sub-study to evaluate the effect of this type of surgery on intestinal absorption of ingested glucose which will take place at the NIHR Imperial Clinical Research Facility (CRF) at Hammermsmith Hospital following an overnight fast. It involves the insertion of a feeding tube into the small intestine and infusion of a glucose-containing solution. 7 Blood samples will be collected at varying time points.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
The main benefit we anticipated would be for is significant weight loss leading to improved glycaemic (sugar) control and the possibility of remission of diabetes. There are other benefits to weight loss such as improvement in overall physical health and quality of life. Participants will also benefit from regular contact with a specialist doctor.
The “modified” RYGB procedure is not a new or experimental and is currently performed around the world. It is expected that it carries the same risks as the standard RYGB procedure.
For both “standard” and “modified” RYGB surgery: the risks will be explained to participants in greater detail by the surgical team. The total risk for any complication is approximately 2%. Common risks of RYGB surgery include chest infection, wound infection/haematoma, and scars. Less common risks are blood clots in the lung or leg/s, bleeding intraoperative/postoperatively, anastomotic leak, port site hernia, injury of intra-abdominal organs, internal hernia/small bowel obstruction, pain following eating, dumping syndrome, severe malabsorption/excessive weight loss, conversion to an open operation due to bleeding/visceral injury difficult anatomy, and the risk of not being able to do the bypass due to difficult anatomy. There is a very rare risk of death
During the study, experienced doctors will be available to participants at any time should they have any concerns. They will be provided with a mobile number that will be accessible 24 hours-a-day, 7 days-a-week in case they develop any unusual severe symptoms and want to speak urgently to a member of the team. Participants will be encouraged to report any ill effects the experience during the study to the doctors immediately. Participants may withdraw from the study at any time, without providing any explanation and this will not affect their future care in any way. If there are any unexpected side effects, the study will be stopped.
Where is the study run from?
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (UK)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
From April 2020 to December 2023
Who is funding the study?
JP Moulton Charitable Foundation (UK)
Who is the main contact?
1. Dr Suhaniya Samarasinghe
suhaniya.samarasinghe@nhs.net
2. Dr Alexander Miras
a.miras@nhs.net
Trial website
Contact information
Type
Public
Primary contact
Dr Suhaniya Samarasinghe
ORCID ID
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8111-4218
Contact details
Imperial College London
Hammersmith Campus
Du Cane Rd
London
W12 0HS
United Kingdom
No telephone contact available
suhaniya.samarasinghe@nhs.net
Type
Scientific
Additional contact
Dr Alexander Miras
ORCID ID
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3830-3173
Contact details
St Mary's Hospital
Paddington
London
W2 1NY
United Kingdom
No telephone contact available
a.miras@nhs.net
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
Nil known
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Nil known
Protocol/serial number
CPMS 46960, IRAS 279091
Study information
Scientific title
What is the impact of a modified Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass operation on people with type 2 diabetes mellitus? The LONG LIMB-2 double-blinded randomised controlled clinical trial
Acronym
LONG LIMB-2
Study hypothesis
A “modified” Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB) procedure with a long alimentary and short common limb (20:80) is equally safe but superior to the “standard” RYGB with a short alimentary and long common limb (50:50) for glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity.
Ethics approval
Approved 01/11/2020, London – Westminster Research Ethics Committee (The Old Chapel, Royal Standard Place, Nottingham, NG1 6FS, UK; +44 (0)207 104 8012; westminster.rec@hra.nhs.uk), ref: 20/LO/1070
Study design
Single-centre, prospective double-blinded randomized controlled trial with a nested mechanistic sub-study
Primary study design
Interventional
Secondary study design
Randomised controlled trial
Trial setting
Hospitals
Trial type
Treatment
Patient information sheet
See additional file ISRCTN65113000_PIS_v2.0_21Oct2020
Condition
Diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity
Intervention
Randomisation will take place intra-operatively. The surgeon will measure the total intestinal length and decide if the patient can be randomised intraoperatively (only patients with a total intestinal length greater than 5.5 m will be randomised) and if so will contact the randomiser who will make the allocation at the time to either a “standard” RYGB or a “modified” RYGB. The randomisation ratio will be 1:2 with 24 participants for standard RYGB and 48 for modified RYGB.
In addition to routine NHS care follow-up, patients will be asked to attend clinical trial visits at baseline, 10 days after the operation, and after 3, 6 and 12 months. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels, lipid profile, arterial blood pressure, and body weight will be assessed. The number of glucose-lowering medications and adverse events will be recorded.
There will also be a nested mechanistic sub-study before and at 20% of weight loss after surgery in order to evaluate the effect of RYGB on intestinal absorption of ingested glucose. Participants will attend the NIHR Imperial Clinical Research Facility (CRF) at Hammersmith Hospital after an overnight fast. Their glucose-lowering medications will be adjusted for 5 days before the visit based on capillary glucose measurements and they will be asked to refrain from alcohol and vigorous exercise for 24 h before the visit. An enteral feeding tube will be placed by a trained medical professional using the CORTRAK system that tracks the position of the tube during placement without the need for X-ray confirmation. The tube will be inserted into the duodenum before the operation and in the alimentary limb (jejunum) after the operation. The position of the tube will be confirmed using a PANPEHA pH strip. A solution containing 30 g glucose and 3 g 3-O-methylglycose (a well-established and used marker of glucose absorption) will be infused through the enteral feeding tube. An intravenous cannula will be inserted for blood sampling for metabolites at time points 0, +30, +60, +90, +120, +150, +180 min. The blood tests will be used to measure intestinal absorption of ingested glucose and 3-omg. Once the last blood sample is taken, both the enteral feeding tube and cannula will be removed and the participant will be free to leave the facility.
Intervention type
Procedure/Surgery
Phase
Drug names
Primary outcome measure
1. Glycaemic control measured using glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels in blood samples taken at baseline and 12 months
Secondary outcome measures
1. Rate of remission of T2DM measured using routine blood tests and review of glucose lowering medications at baseline and 12 months
2. Number of glucose-lowering medications recorded at baseline and 12 months
3. Body weight recorded at baseline and 12 months
4. Arterial blood pressure measured using sphygmomanometer at baseline and 12 months
5. Lipid profile measured using fasting lipid blood tests taken at baseline and 12 months
6. Adverse events (including surgical complications, hypoglycaemia and micronutrient deficiencies) recorded between baseline and 12 months
7. Rate of intestinal absorption of ingested glucose in participants in the mechanistic study only measured using a standard Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) at baseline and 12 months
Overall trial start date
01/04/2020
Overall trial end date
01/12/2023
Reason abandoned (if study stopped)
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
1. Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
2. Body Mass Index (BMI) >30 kg/m²
3. Aged between 18 and 65 years
4. Eligible for metabolic/bariatric surgery as per NICE guideline 189
Participant type
Patient
Age group
Adult
Gender
Both
Target number of participants
72
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Current use or need for insulin
2. Unacceptably high risk for anaesthesia or surgery
3. Pregnancy/breastfeeding
4. Total small intestinal length <5.5 m
Recruitment start date
01/12/2020
Recruitment end date
01/07/2021
Locations
Countries of recruitment
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
St Mary's Hospital
Praed Street
London
W2 1NY
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
Hammersmith Hospital
Du Cane Road
London
W12 0HS
United Kingdom
Sponsor information
Organisation
Imperial College London
Sponsor details
Imperial College London
Hammersmith Campus
Du Cane Rd
London
W12 0NN
United Kingdom
No telephone contact available
k.boland@imperial.ac.uk
Sponsor type
University/education
Website
Funders
Funder type
Charity
Funder name
JP Moulton Charitable Foundation
Alternative name(s)
Funding Body Type
Funding Body Subtype
Location
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
Planned publication in a high-impact peer-reviewed journal.
IPD sharing statement:
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study will be stored in a publically available repository. The weblink for the repository is https://data.hpc.imperial.ac.uk. Data will be completely anonymised and will become available once the trial is finished. Consent will be obtained from patients during recruitment. The data will be able for 10 years.
Intention to publish date
01/07/2024
Participant level data
Stored in repository
Basic results (scientific)
Publication list
Publication citations
Additional files
- ISRCTN65113000_PIS_v2.0_21Oct2020.pdf Uploaded 26/11/2020
- ISRCTN65113000_PROTOCOL_v2.0_21Oct2020.pdf Uploaded 26/11/2020