Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Anxiety disorders and phobias are thought to result from pathological learning. The erasing of fear memory could therefore have a therapeutic effect. Memory is transformed from an unstable into a stable form during consolidation (the strengthening of memory) in a process that depends on protein synthesis (i.e. the production of protein). Re-activation of an existing memory can make that memory unstable, in particular if new information is being added to the old memory that is being recalled. This suggests that memory can be erased by first re-activating an old memory, and then blocking the synthesis of proteins necessary for the strengthening of that memory by giving a drug (i.e. stopping the proteins that are needed to strengthen the memory). The antibiotic Doxycyclin blocks the activity and the synthesis of specific proteins, and has been shown to weaken memory of general knowledge. Here, we are testing the effect of Doxycyline on the strengthening of human fear memory (phase 1). If phase 1 is successful, then in phase 2 we will test its effect on re-activation of old fear memories. Phase 1 will prove the potential of the drug to weaken fear memory, and phase 2 its potential as a therapy for erasing already strengthened fear memory. Phase 2 will only take place if phase 1 is successful. We will study the impact of Doxycyclin by giving Doxycyclin, or placebo, to healthy individuals and testing their memory.
Who can participate?
Healthy adults between 18-40 years of age.
What does the study involve?
The study is conducted in two separate phases. For both phases, participants are physically examined, and give blood and urine samples. Participants who pass the medical examination are invited for study visit 2. Participants from phase one fill in four questionnaires and randomly (by chance) receive a single dose of either Doxycycline (an antibiotic) or placebo (dummy). Participants from phase two skip this step and instead do it during study visit 3. Next, electrodes for measuring ECG (heart activity), EMG (muscle activity), skin conductance, and also breathing, are placed on the participants from both phases. Participants then perform a computer task during which they will learn the association between a neutral stimulus (a geometric shape on a screen) and a fearful stimulus (mild electric stimulation) and as a result, will form a fear memory. For the second phase study, participants additionally come in for study visit 3. The same procedures as for study visit 2 is repeated, and the fear memory that was learned during the previous study visit is re-activated. Participants from both study phases attend study visit 4. The same procedures as for study visit 2, with the exception of drug administration, is repeated. The previously formed fear memory is then recalled.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
Doxycycline is an approved drug with rare serious side effects. It may cause abdominal or stomach tenderness, in severe cases allergic reactions. Participants have no direct benefit from taking the study medication. This study will potentially benefit patients with anxiety disorders.
Where is the study run from?
The study will be conducted at the Psychiatric University Hospital Zürich (PUK ZH)
When is study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
July 2015 to July 2018
Who is funding the study?
The University of Zürich (UZH)
Who is the main contact?
Professor Dominik R. Bach
dominik.bach@uzh.ch
Trial website
Contact information
Type
Scientific
Primary contact
Dr Dominik Bach
ORCID ID
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3717-2036
Contact details
Comparative Emotion Group
Prof. Dr. Dominik R Bach
Psychiatric Hospital
University of Zurich
Lenggstrasse 31
Zurich
8032
Switzerland
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Protocol/serial number
DoxMem
Study information
Scientific title
A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-phase study on the impact of Doxycycline on fear memory in healthy individuals
Acronym
Study hypothesis
Null hypothesis: Doxycyclin and placebo groups do not differ in fear recall
Ethics approval
Kantonale Ethikkommission Zürich, 23/04/2015, ref: KEK-ZH-Nr.2014-0669
Study design
Randomised placebo-controlled double-blind trial
Primary study design
Interventional
Secondary study design
Randomised controlled trial
Trial setting
Hospitals
Trial type
Other
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use contact details to request a participant information sheet
Condition
Fear memory
Intervention
A single dose 200 mg of Doxycycline or placebo
Intervention type
Drug
Phase
Not Applicable
Drug names
Doxycycline
Primary outcome measure
Current primary outcome measures as of 25/08/2016:
The difference in fear memory recall between a fear-conditioned CS+ and a safety-conditioned CS-, as estimated from startle eye blink EMG (The initially registered primary outcome, skin conductance responses, is not measured during the memory recall phase, due to a change in study design before inclusion of the first participant)
Previous primary outcome measures:
The difference in fear memory between a fear-conditioned CS+ and a safety-conditioned CS-, as estimated from skin conductance responses.
Secondary outcome measures
Current secondary outcome measures as of 25/08/2016:
Fear memory indices derived from skin conductance responses and heart rate during fear acquisition and re-learning
Previous secondary outcome measures:
A fear memory index derived from heart rate, pupil size, and startle response quantified via EMG of the M. orbicularis oculi
Overall trial start date
27/03/2015
Overall trial end date
27/07/2018
Reason abandoned (if study stopped)
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
1. Informed consent as documented by signature
2. Age 18 – 40 years
Participant type
Healthy volunteer
Age group
Adult
Gender
Both
Target number of participants
160
Total final enrolment
160
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Allergy to Doxycycline or to any other ingredient in the named drug
2. Use of any drugs in the 2 weeks prior to the study with the exception of contraceptive drugs and incidental use of NSARs or paracetamol
3. Women who are pregnant or breast feeding
4. Intention to become pregnant during the course of the study
5. Lack of safe contraception, defined as: Female participants of childbearing potential, not using and not willing to continue using a medically reliable method of contraception for the entire study duration, such as oral, injectable, or implantable contraceptives, or intrauterine contraceptive devices, combined with a mechanical contraceptive (condom, diaphragm)
6. Other clinically significant concomitant disease states (e.g., renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, cardiovascular disease, etc.)
7. Any history of psychiatric, neurological, dependence or systemic/rheumatic disease
8. Known or suspected non-compliance, drug or alcohol abuse
9. Inability to follow the procedures of the study, e.g. due to language problems
10. Participation in another study with investigational drug within the 30 days preceding and during the present study
11. Previous enrolment into the current study
12. Members of the study team and their family members and dependants
Recruitment start date
01/11/2015
Recruitment end date
27/03/2018
Locations
Countries of recruitment
Switzerland
Trial participating centre
Zürich Psychiatric University Hospital (Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik) Zürich (PUK ZH)
Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich
Lenggstrasse 31
Postfach 1931
Zürich
8032
Switzerland
Sponsor information
Organisation
Psychiatric University Hospital (Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik) Zürich (PUK ZH)
Sponsor details
c/o Prof. Dominik R. Bach
Psychiatric University Hospital (Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik)
Lenggstrasse 31
Postfach 1931
Zürich
8032
Switzerland
Sponsor type
University/education
Website
Funders
Funder type
University/education
Funder name
Universität Zürich
Alternative name(s)
University of Zurich, UZH
Funding Body Type
government organisation
Funding Body Subtype
Local government
Location
Switzerland
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
The trialists intend to publish the results of the study in a peer-reviewed journal within 2 years following data collection. Anonymity of participants shall be guaranteed.
IPD sharing statement
After final publication of the results, anonymised participant-level data will be made publicly available on zenodo.org, following the procedures mandated by Swiss Human Research Law.
Intention to publish date
27/07/2020
Participant level data
Stored in repository
Basic results (scientific)
Publication list
2018 results in: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28373691 (added 09/07/2019)