Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Schizophrenia is a mental health problem usually starting in the late teens or early twenties, and often lasting many years. It affects behaviour, thinking and perception, and, in more severe cases, a person's ability to socialise, work and carry out routine daily tasks. The symptoms of schizophrenia include false beliefs and hallucinations (most commonly, hearing voices). The standard medication (antipsychotics) for this problem is usually helpful, and if taken continually can keep people well, reducing the likelihood of further episodes. However, in up to one in three people with schizophrenia, the illness does not show much improvement with antipsychotic medication. For some of these 'resistant' illnesses, one particular antipsychotic, clozapine, can work well, but one disadvantage is the risk of a severe blood side effect which means that regular blood testing is necessary. If the response to clozapine treatment is disappointing, there is some evidence that adding another antipsychotic can sometimes produce more improvement. However, it seems that the added antipsychotic may need to be taken by the person for at least 10 weeks in order to work well. The evidence for this mainly comes from research studies which have only looked at the change in general symptoms when another antipsychotic is added to clozapine, and not whether particular symptoms that are particularly disturbing or disabling are reduced. Also, other aspects of schizophrenia, such as how well the person copes with day-to-day tasks and the demands of a job, have not been measured in these studies. Further, the possible side effects of combining another antipsychotic with clozapine have not been carefully and fully assessed. So we plan to test carefully the possible benefits and problems when the antipsychotic amisulpride is added to clozapine for 12 weeks in people whose schizophrenia illness has not been helped much by any antipsychotic medication on its own, and who are now taking clozapine, but again with not much improvement. We have chosen amisulpride because its effects may be complementary to those of clozapine, and also it is less likely than some other antipsychotics to increase some of the characteristic side effects of clozapine, such as sedation, weight gain and other metabolic problems.
Who can participate?
Patients aged 18-65 with schizophrenia who have been treated with clozapine for at least 12 weeks
What does the study involve?
Participants currently being treated with clozapine are randomly allocated to also receive either amisulpride or a dummy tablet (placebo)
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
We expect that adding amisulpride will be more likely to cause an improvement than adding placebo. Also, we should gain a greater understanding of the possible benefits of adding another antipsychotic to clozapine in relation to particular problem symptoms, and a person's ability to live and work in the community. However, we also need to learn more about the risks and side effects of combining these two medications.
Where is the study run from?
Imperial College London (UK)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
September 2010 to August 2013
Who is funding the study?
NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme (HTA) (UK)
Who is the main contact?
Prof. Thomas Barnes
Trial website
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
NCT01246232
Protocol/serial number
HTA 08/116/12; CRO1498
Study information
Scientific title
Amisulpride augmentation in clozapine-unresponsive schizophrenia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Acronym
AMICUS
Study hypothesis
The main research question is whether, for confirmed, treatment-resistant schizophrenia that has proved to be poorly responsive to an adequate trial of clozapine, augmentation of clozapine with a second, suitable antipsychotic, amisulpride, at a clinically optimised dose for an adequate trial period, is clinically and cost effective and associated with an acceptable side effect burden.
More details can be found at: http://www.nets.nihr.ac.uk/projects/hta/0811612
Protocol can be found at: http://www.nets.nihr.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/52046/PRO-08-116-12.pdf
Ethics approval
Charing Cross Research Ethics Committee, 21/10/2009
Study design
Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Primary study design
Interventional
Secondary study design
Randomised controlled trial
Trial setting
Hospitals
Trial type
Treatment
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use contact details to request a patient information sheet
Condition
Schizophrenia
Intervention
Participants will receive additional treatment with either clozapine or identical placebo, randomly assigned. Treatment with clozapine will be initiated at 20mg/day for the first 4 weeks (or one placebo capsule), followed by the option to increase the dose to 40mg per day (or two placebo capsules) for the remainder of the study period, i.e. daily for up to a year. If there are problems with tolerability, the clinician can reduce the dose back to 20mg/day (or one placebo capsule). For both treatment arms, the total duration of treatment will be 12 months.
Intervention type
Drug
Phase
Not Applicable
Drug names
Clozapine, amisulpride
Primary outcome measure
The proportion of patients with a criterion response threshold of a 20% reduction in total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score. All outcomes will be assessed at baseline and 3, 9 and 12 months.
Secondary outcome measures
1. PANSS negative symptom subscale score
2. Calgary Depression Rating Scale for Schizophrenia
3. Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale
4. Service Engagement Scale
5. Antipsychotic side effect measures
6. Euroqol EQ-5D health status questionnaire
7. Resource use data questionnaire
All outcomes will be assessed at baseline and 3, 9 and 12 months.
Overall trial start date
01/09/2010
Overall trial end date
31/08/2013
Reason abandoned (if study stopped)
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
1. A criterion level of persistent symptom severity despite an adequate trial of clozapine monotherapy in terms of dosage, duration and adherence (as used by Honer et al 2006):
1.1. Treatment for at least 12 weeks at a stable dose of 400 mg or more of clozapine a day, unless the size of the dose was limited by side effects
1.2. A total score of 80 or greater at baseline on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS: Kay et al 1987, 1988); the range of possible scores is 30 to 210, with higher scores indicating more severe symptoms.
1.3. A Clinical Global Impressions (CGI: Guy 1976) score of 4 or greater (range of possible scores, 1=not mentally ill to 7=extremely ill)
1.4. A Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS: Goldman et al 1992, DSM-IV 1994) score of 40 or less; range of possible scores, 1 to 100, with lower scores indicating impaired functioning.
2. Age 18-65 years, inclusive
3. Clinically stable for the last 3 months with a consistent clozapine regimen
4. Competent and willing to provide written, informed consent
Participant type
Patient
Age group
Adult
Gender
Both
Target number of participants
230
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Clinically-significant alcohol/substance use in the previous three months
2. Developmental disability
3. Indication for current treatment with clozapine was intolerance/movement disorder
4. A previous trial of clozapine augmentation with amisulpride
5. Existing relevant physical health problems: such as cardiovascular disease, previous problems with prolactin, and impaired liver/renal function
Recruitment start date
01/09/2010
Recruitment end date
31/08/2013
Locations
Countries of recruitment
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
Imperial College London
London
W6 8RP
United Kingdom
Sponsor information
Funders
Funder type
Government
Funder name
Health Technology Assessment Programme
Alternative name(s)
NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme, HTA
Funding Body Type
government organisation
Funding Body Subtype
National government
Location
United Kingdom
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
Not provided at time of registration
Intention to publish date
01/08/2016
Participant level data
Not provided at time of registration
Basic results (scientific)
Publication list
2017 results in: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28869006