Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
After a baby is delivered by caesarean section, a drug called Oxytocin (which helps the uterus to contract and reduces bleeding) is administered. Unfortunately, this drug has side effects, one of which is lowering blood pressure temporarily. The effect of this drop in blood pressure can be counteracted by administering another drug called Phenylephrine. We are investigating if giving both of these drugs together will reduce or prevent this fall in blood pressure.
Who can participate?
Any woman aged between 18 and 35 years undergoing elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.
What does the study involve?
Participants will be randomly allocated into one of three groups. One group will receive oxytocin plus saline solution, the second group will get oxytocin plus 100 micrograms of Phenylephrine, and the third group will get oxytocin plus 200 micrograms of Phenylephrine. After the delivery of the baby, the medication will be administered and blood pressure will be measured every minute for five minutes. If the blood pressure drops in any of the groups, phenylephrine is given as appropriate.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
The information and data collected from this study will help us to find the best way to prevent the drop in blood pressure caused by Oxytocin, hence improving care for women undergoing caesarean sections. Both drugs in this study are not new or experimental. They are being used routinely worldwide. We are only modifying the way we use them. The only discomfort that the patient may feel is the repeated blood pressure measurement on your arm every minute initially.
Where is the study run from?
Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha (RIPAS) Hospital, Brunei.
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
The study ran from October 2011 to September 2012.
Who is funding the study?
Ministry of Health and RIPAS hospital, Brunei.
Who is the main contact?
Dr A.B.M. Kamrul Hasan
drkamrul@dhaka.net
Trial website
Contact information
Type
Scientific
Primary contact
Dr ABM Kamrul Hasan
ORCID ID
Contact details
27-B
Mabohai Apartment
Simpang 10
Jalan Jawatan Dalam
Bandar Seri Begawan
BA 1111
Brunei
+673 (0) 868 4579
drkamrul@dhaka.net
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Protocol/serial number
N/A
Study information
Scientific title
Prevention of oxytocin-induced hypotension in caesarean delivery by co-administration of phenylephrine with oxytocin: a prospective randomised double-blind controlled study
Acronym
Study hypothesis
Co-administration of phenylephrine with oxytocin will reduce the incidence of oxytocin-induced hypotension after caesarean delivery.
Ethics approval
Medical and Health Research & Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health, Brunei Darussalam, 16/06/2011, ref: MHREC/MOH/ 2011/9 (7)
Study design
Prospective randomised double-blind control study
Primary study design
Interventional
Secondary study design
Randomised controlled trial
Trial setting
Hospitals
Trial type
Prevention
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use the contact details below to request a patient information sheet
Condition
Elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia
Intervention
After written informed consent of the patients, 200 ASA class I and ll women having elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia will be given either a dose of 10 IU Oxytocin plus placebo or 10 IU Oxytocin plus 100 or 200 mcg of phenylephrine in a prospective, randomised double-blind fashion. Randomisation will be done by using Microsoft Excel generated random number allocations. Opaque envelopes containing group assignments will be used to ensure blinding of the investigators. The study and control medicine will be prepared before surgery and will be diluted with 0.9% normal saline up to a volume of 3 ml by an anaesthetist not involved in the study.
In the preoperative period, a large bore IV canula will be inserted. All patients will receive 500 ml of Haemaccele within before 30 minutes of spinal anaesthesia. Before spinal anaesthesia, standard monitoring (Datex Engstrom A/S 3, Helsinki, Finland) - Electrocardiogram (ECG), Non-Invasive Blood Pressure (NIBP) and Pulse Oximetry will be commenced. Measurement of NIBP and heart rate will be taken at 1 minute intervals from the time of oxytocin administration to next 5 minutes, and thereafter at 5 minutes intervals until the end of surgery. The last measurement of NIBP and heart rate before oxytocin administration will be considered as the baseline for subsequent changes.
Spinal anaesthesia will be performed at the L3-4 interspace with the patient in the sitting position. All subjects will be given 2 ml of 0.5% Bupivacaine Heavy plus 25 mcg of Fentanyl delivered through a 25 gauge sprotte needle with introducer to achieve uniform performance. The protocol medicine will be administered as an IV bolus over a time period of 5 to 10 seconds after clamping of the umbilical cord and delivery of the fetus. Immediately after the bolus, a separate infusion of oxytocin 20 IU in 500 ml of 0.9% normal saline will be continue over a 4-hour period (at the rate of 5 IU per hour).
Hypotension will be defined as a systolic blood pressure of less than 20% of the baseline blood pressure. Tachycardia will be defined as a maternal heart rate of more than 120 beats per minute. Crystalloid solution (Lactated Ringers Solution) will be infused during the intraoperative period with the aim of using a total crystalloid fluid of 1 litre. Each hypotension will be treated with an IV bolus of phenylephrine and both hypotensive episode and intraoperative fluid management will be at the discretion of the supervising anaesthetist who will not be involved in this study.
GROUPING OF THE PATIENTS:
Group A: Control group: 10 IU of Bolus Oxytocin plus Placebo
Group B: Study group: 10 IU of Bolus Oxytocin plus 100 mcg of Phenylephrine
Group C: Study group: 10 IU of Bolus Oxytocin plus 200 mcg of Phenylephrine
Intervention type
Drug
Phase
Not Applicable
Drug names
Oxytocin, phenylephrine
Primary outcome measures
Percentage drops in blood pressure (BP) below 20% of baseline after intravenous injection of oxytocin in each arm of study
Secondary outcome measures
Percentage of patient having nausea and vomiting after oxytocin in each arm of study
Overall trial start date
01/10/2011
Overall trial end date
30/09/2012
Reason abandoned
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
1. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class l and ll undergoing elective caesarean section
2. Age between 18 to 35 years
3. Body mass index (BMI) less than 35 kg/m2
4. Spinal anaesthesia
Participant type
Patient
Age group
Adult
Gender
Female
Target number of participants
200
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Placenta previa
2. Thrombocytopenia
3. Coagulopathies
4. Previous major obstetrics haemorrhage (more than 1000 ml)
5. Known fibroid
6. Receiving anticoagulant therapy
7. Anemia (hemoglobin less than 9 g/dl)
8. Body mass index greater than 35 kg/m2
9. Preeclampsia
10. Cardiac, respiratory and renal disease
11. Known allergy to any protocol medicine
Recruitment start date
01/10/2011
Recruitment end date
30/09/2012
Locations
Countries of recruitment
Brunei
Trial participating centre
27-B, Mabohai Apartment
Bandar Seri Begawan
BA 1111
Brunei
Sponsor information
Organisation
Ministry of Health (Brunei)
Sponsor details
Commonwealth Drive
Bandar Seri Begawan
BB 3910
Brunei
Sponsor type
Government
Website
Funders
Funder type
Government
Funder name
Ministry of Health (Brunei)
Alternative name(s)
Funding Body Type
Funding Body Subtype
Location
Funder name
Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Hospital (RIPAS) Hospital (Brunei)
Alternative name(s)
Funding Body Type
Funding Body Subtype
Location
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
Not provided at time of registration
Intention to publish date
Participant level data
Not provided at time of registration
Results - basic reporting
Publication summary