Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Dementia is increasingly common in the aging population, affecting around 35.6 million people worldwide. People with dementia have difficulties with mental processes such as memory, language, reasoning and identifying people and objects, which become progressively worst over time. Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia (after Alzheimer's disease), and is caused by a reduced flow of blood to the brain because of diseased blood vessels. There are several types of VaD, the most common being subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD). SVID happens when the tiny blood vessels deep in the brain become blocked due to the build-up of a fatty substance called plaque on the vessel walls. Currently there are no approved treatments or on-going studies looking at the treatment of SIVD. There is a potential opportunity to improve treatment for people with SIVD by lowering their blood pressure to a slightly lower level than is usually achieved with standard treatment. This approach has been successful in reducing the risk of memory problems in people who have had a stroke, and may also have benefits for people with SIVD. The aim of this study is to find out whether a more rigorous approach to reducing blood pressure can effectively reduce blood pressure in people with SIVD and will begin to look at whether there are other benefits in terms of memory and changes on a brain scan.
Who can participate?
Adults aged 50 and over who have SIVD are live in Wales.
What does the study involve?
Participants are randomly allocated to one of two groups. Those in the first group receive intensive treatment to lower their blood pressure, with a target of less than 125mmHg systolic pressure (the highest pressure when the heart beats and pushes the blood round the body). This is done using a formula that takes into account the current guidelines for treating people with stroke, high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes, and prioritizing use of the drug amlodipine (a drug which relaxes blood vessels to improve blood flow) where appropriate. Those in the second group receive blood pressure management which reflects the current guidelines, aiming for a less than 140mmHg systolic pressure. Participants in both groups complete a number of questionnaires at the start of the study and then after 13, 26 and 52 weeks in order to test their cognitive function (thinking, memory and understanding), executive function (mental skills that help a person to get things done) and quality of life. Participants also have an MRI (brain scan) at the start of the study and at 52 weeks in order to find out if the damage to their brain caused by the SIVD has gotten worse.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
Participants may benefit from an improvement of their SIVD symptoms as a result of better controlling their blood pressure. There is a small risk that the drugs used in this study might react with other medications a patient is taking, including over the counter medications and herbal products. Participants medications are therefore monitored closely to avoid this. Participants in this study are also advised not to consume grapefruit, as it can interact with some medications.
Where is the study run from?
King's College London (UK)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
February 2016 to August 2018
Who is funding the study?
The Waterloo Foundation (UK)
Who is the main contact?
1. Professor Clive Ballard (scientific)
2. Miss Olga Borejko (public)
Trial website
Contact information
Type
Scientific
Primary contact
Prof Clive Ballard
ORCID ID
Contact details
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases
King's College London
Guy's Campus
London
SE1 1UL
United Kingdom
Type
Public
Additional contact
Miss Olga Borejko
ORCID ID
Contact details
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases
King's College London
Guy's Campus
London
SE1 1UL
United Kingdom
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Protocol/serial number
N/A
Study information
Scientific title
A randomised controlled trial of an optimized protocol for blood pressure management (prioritizing calcium channel blockade with Amlodipine) for the treatment of subcortical ischaemic vascular dementia (AFFECT WALES)
Acronym
AFFECT WALES
Study hypothesis
Primary hypothesis:
An optimized treatment protocol to reduce blood pressure, which prioritizes the use of amlodipine based on NICE guidelines will reduce blood pressure in people with SIVD in comparison to usual care.
Secondary hypothesis:
An optimized treatment protocol to reduce blood pressure, which prioritizes the use of amlodipine based on NICE guidelines will result in benefits to the treatment of SIVD with respect to structural MRI imaging, cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms and activities of daily living in comparison to usual treatment over 12 months.
Ethics approval
Not provided at time of registration
Study design
Single-blind randomised controlled trial
Primary study design
Interventional
Secondary study design
Randomised controlled trial
Trial setting
Hospitals
Trial type
Treatment
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use the contact details below to request a patient information sheet.
Condition
Subcortical ischaemic vascular dementia
Intervention
After informed consent and once all eligibility criteria have been confirmed, patients will be randomised to the study intervention or usual treatment.
Optimised treatment arm: Participants will receive intensive blood pressure treatment following the trial algorithm which takes account of NICE guidelines relating to stroke, hypertension and type 2 diabetes and prioritises Amlodipine (when indicated) with a target systolic blood pressure of <125mmHg. The algorithm is only a guide to the treating doctor and doctors have full autonomy to choose different treatment approaches based on local policy, individual practice and patient specific characteristics to ensure that the best clinical treatment is given.
Standard care treatment arm: Participants will receive blood pressure management that reflects current community based practice based on national/international guidelines with a target systolic blood pressure of <140 mmHg.
be asked to attend five visits over 12 months plus two MRI assessments. Visit 1 (screening), visit 2 (baseline: within four weeks of visit one), visit 3 at week 13, visit 4 at week 26 and visit five at week 52. There will also be an additional safety check over the telephone four weeks after visit two. During these visits study staff will perform cognitive assessments, take a full medical history, ECG, blood tests and vital signs and complete informant and patient questionnaires to assess functional abilities and quality of life. At visit 1 consent and demographics will be taken from the participant and informant along with a full clinical/ medical history, medical/ neurological examination, details of previous and current medications, blood tests, ECG and MRI. At visits 2, 3, 4 and 5 the VADAS-cog, CGIC, sMMSE, Trail making B, DAD, GHQ12, EQ-5D, DEMQOL and NPI scales will be administered along with a medical/ neurological examination, blood tests, vital signs and ECG (if clinically indicated). MRI assessments will be completed prior to visit 2 (baseline) to confirm patient eligibility and at visit 5 (52 weeks) as part of the final outcome assessments.
Intervention type
Other
Phase
Drug names
Primary outcome measures
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure is measured using an electronic or manual sphygmomanometer at baseline, 13, 26 and 52 weeks
Secondary outcome measures
1. Cognitive function is measured using the Vascular Dementia Assessment Scale cognitive subscale (VADAS-cog) at baseline, 13, 26 and 52 weeks
2. Cognitive function measured with the Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE) at baseline, 13, 26 and 52 weeks
3. Executive function is measured using the Trail Making test B at baseline, 13, 26 and 52 weeks
4. Clinical outcome is measured using the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) Scale, as rated by a clinician blind to treatment allocation at baseline, 13, 26 and 52 weeks
5. Lesion accrual is measured using MRI at baseline and 52 weeks
6. Health-related quality of life is measured with the DEMQOL-Proxy at baseline, 13, 26 and 52 weeks
7. Activities of daily living are measured using the Disability Assessment for dementia (DAD) Scale at baseline, 13, 26 and 52 weeks
8. Non-cognitive dementia symptoms are measured using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) at baseline, 13, 26 and 52 weeks
9. Change in care-giver burden is measured using the GHQ-12, and care-giver health-related quality of life measured with the EQ-5D-5L at baseline, 13, 26 and 52 weeks
Overall trial start date
26/02/2016
Overall trial end date
01/08/2018
Reason abandoned
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
1. Dementia syndrome according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSMIV)
2. Evidence of one or more clinical features in support of SIVD such as executive dysfunction, mood or gait disturbance or focal neurological signs (Erkinjuntti 2000)
3. Multiple lacunae (>2) or diffuse lesions reaching a mean score of 23 across brain regions identified on baseline MRI scan
4. Standardised Mini Mental State Examination (sMMSE) score between 15 and 28 (inclusive)
5. Aged 50 and over
6. Patient has mental capacity and is capable of giving consent
7. Patient has resident family or professional carer or is visited at least twice a week by carer
8. Fluency in English is essential as study requires questionnaires to be completed
9. Likely to be able to participate in all scheduled evaluations and complete all required tests
10. Provision of appropriate consent
11. Presence of an informant, aged 18 years or over who is willing to participate in the study
Participant type
Patient
Age group
Senior
Gender
Both
Target number of participants
50 Patients
Participant exclusion criteria
1. Severe, unstable or poorly controlled medical conditions apparent from physical examination or clinical history
2. Moderate/severe heart disease or severe hepatic disease
3. Significant renal insufficiency; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30ml/min
4. Systolic Blood pressure is less than 110mmHg
5. Cerebrovascular event within the last six months
6. Myocardial infarction within the last three months
7. Already taking any calcium channel blocker
8. Treatment with immunosuppressive medications (e.g. systemic corticosteroids) within the last 90 days
9. Other clinically significant abnormality on physical, neurological, laboratory, examination that could compromise the study or be significantly detrimental to the patient
Recruitment start date
02/05/2016
Recruitment end date
01/08/2017
Locations
Countries of recruitment
United Kingdom
Trial participating centre
King's College London
Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases
Guy's Campus
London
SE1 1UL
United Kingdom
Funders
Funder type
Charity
Funder name
The Waterloo Foundation
Alternative name(s)
Funding Body Type
Funding Body Subtype
Location
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
The study results will be disseminated in peer reviewed scientific journals, conference publication and other publication. A summarised version of the principal findings will be available as part of a newsletter and a more detailed description will be forwarded to participants on request.
Intention to publish date
01/08/2019
Participant level data
Not expected to be available
Results - basic reporting
Publication summary