Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
Breastfeeding has been shown to be beneficial for babies, helping to protect them against diseases and providing all the nutrition they need for healthy growth. It is well known that certain substances can be passed from the mother to the baby via breast milk. If a mother has to take a medication, the medication is sometimes diluted with water, but studies have shown that this can raise the osmolality of breast milk, which can cause complications in the baby. Osmolality is the amount of a substance dissolved in a liquid. The aim of this study is to compare the changes in osmolality of 14 medications and other substances in breast milk.
Who can participate?
Women aged 28 to 41 who have delivered their baby at least three weeks early.
What does the study involve?
Women provide a sample of 60-80ml breast milk, expressed using a breast pump. The samples then have their osmolality (concentration) tested before a medication or fortifier is added. The osmolality is tested using a specialised machine called an osmometer. After the medication/fortifier has been added to the breast milk, the osmolality is then retested. This is then repeated four hours later.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
There are no direct benefits or risks for participants taking part in this study.
Where is the study run from?
KK Women's and Children's Hospital (Singapore)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
May 2014 to May 2015
Who is funding the study?
Paediatric Academic Clinical Program, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital (Singapore)
Who is the main contact?
Dr Suresh Chandran
Trial website
Additional identifiers
EudraCT number
ClinicalTrials.gov number
Protocol/serial number
N/A
Study information
Scientific title
Medications increasing osmolality and compromising the safety of enteral feeding in preterm infants
Acronym
Study hypothesis
Hypothesis
The addition of commonly used medications to oral neonatal feeds increase the osmolality beyond that of the safety range as determined by the American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP).
Specific study aims:
1. To determine the osmolality of 15 commonly used medications prescribed in neonates
2. To determine the appropriate type and amount of diluent necessary to ensure osmolality of oral feeds remains within the safety range after the addition of medications
3. To evaluate the changes in osmolality of the medications in expressed breast milk and preterm formula after the addition of these 15 commonly used medications in neonatal care respectively and to explore if there is a correlation between osmolality and the amount of diluent added
4. To determine the changes of osmolality of expressed breast milk and preterm formula with time when medications are added
Ethics approval
Sing Health Centralised Institutional Review Board, 20/05/2014, ref: 2014/308/E
Study design
Cross-sectional laboratory-based study.
Primary study design
Observational
Secondary study design
Cross sectional study
Trial setting
Hospitals
Trial type
Other
Patient information sheet
Not available in web format, please use the contact details below to request a patient information sheet.
Condition
Osmolality of milk feeds
Intervention
Participants donate 60-80ml breast milk, which is collected using a breast pump. Pooled expressed breast milk (EBM) is stored in aliquots and is frozen at –5°C to –15°C. Before measuring the osmolality, the frozen EBM is thawed by transferring to the fridge (4°C) for at least 12 hours. Milk osmolality of each aliquot is measured three times at baseline, following which, fortifier and/or medications are added.
Additives added to dilutents:
1. Caffeine citrate (20mg/ml)
2. Folic acid (100mcg/ml)
3. Hydrochlorothiazide (5mg/ml)
4. Omeprazole (2mg/ml)
5. Phenobarbitone (10mg/ml)
6. Sodium phosphate (phosphate 0.52mmol/ml and sodium 0.85 mmol/ml)
7. Calcium glubionate (elemental calcium 115mg/5ml)
8. Domperidone suspension (1mg/ml)
9. Ibuprofen syrup (100mg/5ml)
10. Iron polymaltose drops (1ml = 50mg)
11. Multivitamin drops
12. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1mmol/1ml)
13. 20% sodium chloride (Na 3.4mmol/ml)
14. Ursodeoxycholic acid suspension (250mg/5ml)
The osmolality of medications and diluents was measured neat and in a combination of each medication with each diluent via the freezing point depressing method, utilizing an Advanced Micro-osmometer Model 3300 (Advanced Instruments, Inc. Two Technology Way, Norwood, MA 02062). The highest osmolality measurable by this method is 2000 mOsm/kg.
Intervention type
Other
Phase
Drug names
Primary outcome measures
Osmolality of expressed breast milk is measured using osmometer at baseline, when additives are added and 4 hours after additives are added.
Secondary outcome measures
No secondary outcome measures
Overall trial start date
20/05/2014
Overall trial end date
19/05/2015
Reason abandoned
Eligibility
Participant inclusion criteria
1. Aged 28 to 41 years
2. Delivered their infants preterm (<37 weeks of gestation)
3. Willing to donate their breast milk
Participant type
Other
Age group
Other
Gender
Female
Target number of participants
Nine mothers who volunterely donated breast milk
Participant exclusion criteria
Mothers who do not want to participate due to personal reasons.
Recruitment start date
20/05/2014
Recruitment end date
31/08/2014
Locations
Countries of recruitment
Singapore
Trial participating centre
KK Women's and Children's Hospital
100 Bukit Timah Road
-
229899
Singapore
Funders
Funder type
Research organisation
Funder name
Paediatric Academic Clinical Program, KK Women's and Children's Hospital
Alternative name(s)
Funding Body Type
Funding Body Subtype
Location
Results and Publications
Publication and dissemination plan
1. Poster presentation done at the Evidence based Neonatology Conference held in Philadelphia, USA - Sept 2015
2. Planned publication of study results within 3-6 months in a peer reviewed journal
Intention to publish date
31/12/2016
Participant level data
Other
Results - basic reporting
Publication summary