Prediction of anterior cruciate ligament injury in basketball players using machine learning

ISRCTN ISRCTN18009799
DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN18009799
Secondary identifying numbers USM/JEPeM/22040199
Submission date
22/08/2024
Registration date
22/08/2024
Last edited
22/08/2024
Recruitment status
No longer recruiting
Overall study status
Completed
Condition category
Musculoskeletal Diseases
Prospectively registered
Protocol
Statistical analysis plan
Results
Individual participant data
Record updated in last year

Plain English summary of protocol

Background and study aims
This study aims to find out what factors increase the risk of ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) injuries in young adult basketball players. The ACL is a crucial ligament in the knee, and injuries to it can be serious and often require surgery. The researchers also want to see if machine learning, a type of computer technology, can accurately predict who might get injured. By doing this, they hope to identify important risk factors specific to male basketball players, which could help in creating better injury prevention strategies.

Who can participate?
To participate in this study, you must be:
1. Male
2. At least 18 years old
3. Exercising at least 8 hours per week
4. Playing basketball for at least 3 years
5. Not having a knee injury based on a specific test called the Lachman’s test

What does the study involve?
If you join the study, you will undergo several tests to measure factors related to ACL injuries. After the tests, you will be followed for 12 months to see if you sustain an ACL injury during that time. Your data will help in developing and validating a machine learning model to predict ACL injuries in basketball players.

What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
By participating, you could help advance understanding of ACL injuries in basketball players and contribute to better injury prevention strategies in the future. There may be minimal risks associated with the physical tests, but these will be conducted by trained professionals to ensure your safety.

Where is the study run from?
The study is being conducted at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
October 2021 to April 2024

Who is funding the study?
Investigator initiated and funded

Who is the main contact?
Guo-Long-fei (guolongfei0422@student.usm.my)
Dr Shazlin Binti Shaharudin (shazlin@usm.my).

Contact information

Prof Shazlin Shaharudin
Principal Investigator

School of Health Sciences,Universiti Sains Malaysia,16150 Kubang Kerian
Kelantan
150000
Malaysia

ORCiD logoORCID ID 0000-0001-5583-7631
Phone +60 9-767 7578
Email shazlin@usm.my
Dr Longfei Guo
Public, Scientific

Building 7, Wenxingyuan, Qianbeitun Road
Taiyuan
30000
China

ORCiD logoORCID ID 0009-0005-2098-2413
Phone +86 15536887299
Email guolongfei0422@student.usm.my

Study information

Study designSingle-center observational cohort study
Primary study designObservational
Secondary study designCohort study
Study setting(s)University/medical school/dental school
Study typeDiagnostic, Prevention, Screening, Efficacy
Participant information sheet No participant information sheet available
Scientific titlePrediction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in basketball players using machine learning algorithms: a prospective study
Study acronymB-ACL-ML
Study objectives1. Athlete's profile, Physical function, basketball-specific skills, biomechanics and electromyography are related to ACL injury risk among basketball athletes.
2. The predictive model is valid in distinguishing between male basketball players with and without ACL injuries.
Ethics approval(s)

Approved 01/09/2022, Jawatankuasa Etika Penyelidikan Manusia Universiti Sains Malaysia (Universiti Sains Malaysia 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan., Kelantan, 15000, Malaysia; +60 9-7673000; jepem@usm.my), ref: USM/JEPeM/22040199

Health condition(s) or problem(s) studiedPrevention of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in male basketball players
InterventionIn this study, 104 young adult basketball players volunteer to participate. The athletes' profiles, physical functions, basketball-specific skills, biomechanics, and electromyography (EMG) of seven muscles, including the quadriceps, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius, are measured during unanticipated side-cutting maneuvers. After a 12-month follow-up, these data will be compared between those who sustain injuries and those who remain injury-free.
Intervention typeBehavioural
Primary outcome measureMeasured at baseline and 12 months:
1. The athlete's profile (height, weight, age, level of play, playing position), basketball training record, and self-reported injury history for each participant were recorded
2. Balance testing and joint mobility testing were conducted using YBT and FMS, with a duration of half an hour
3. Biomechanical and synchronized electromyography (EMG) experiments were performed, lasting for two hours
4. Trunk testing was conducted using DLH, strength testing was performed with 1-RM weighted squat and deadlift, explosive strength was assessed using countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), and drop jump (DJ), and agility testing was carried out with the Lane Agility Test lasting for two hours
Secondary outcome measuresThere are no secondary outcome measures
Overall study start date07/10/2021
Completion date03/04/2024

Eligibility

Participant type(s)Healthy volunteer
Age groupAdult
Lower age limit18 Years
Upper age limit30 Years
SexMale
Target number of participants120
Total final enrolment114
Key inclusion criteria1. Male
2. Age over 18 years
3. Exercising ≥8 hours per week,
4. Having played basketball for at least 3 years
5. Having a negative Lachman's knee examination
Key exclusion criteria1. Exercise-related or neurological disorders
2. Recent hip or knee surgery or trauma
3. Incomplete data not being analyzed
Date of first enrolment02/09/2022
Date of final enrolment04/04/2023

Locations

Countries of recruitment

  • China

Study participating centres

Taiyuan University of Technology High Performance Sports Centre
No.18, Xinminyuan Road, Wanbailin District
Taiyuan
030024
China
Xinzhou Normal University
No.1, Dunqi East Street
Xinzhou
034000
China

Sponsor information

Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
University/education

Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan
Kota Bharu
15000
Malaysia

Phone +60 09-767 3000
Email hospitalusm@usm.my
Website https://hospital.usm.my/
ROR logo "ROR" https://ror.org/0090j2029

Funders

Funder type

Other

Investigator initiated and funded

No information available

Results and Publications

Intention to publish date04/12/2025
Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to shareNo
IPD sharing plan summaryData sharing statement to be made available at a later date
Publication and dissemination planPlanned publication in a peer-reviewed journal
IPD sharing planIndividual participant data will not be provided due to privacy concerns

Editorial Notes

22/08/2024: Trial's existence confirmed by Jawatankuasa Etika Penyelidikan Manusia Universiti Sains Malaysia.