ISRCTN ISRCTN18031921
DOI https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN18031921
Sponsor Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Funder Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Submission date
18/11/2025
Registration date
18/11/2025
Last edited
19/11/2025
Recruitment status
Recruiting
Overall study status
Ongoing
Condition category
Other
Prospectively registered
Protocol
Statistical analysis plan
Results
Individual participant data
Record updated in last year

Plain English summary of protocol

Not available

Contact information

Prof Maarten Moens
Principal investigator

Laarbeeklaan 103
Jette
1090
Belgium

Phone +32 24775514
Email stimulusresearchgroup@gmail.com
Prof Lisa Goudman
Scientific, Public

Laarbeeklaan 103
Jette
1090
Belgium

ORCiD logoORCID ID 0000-0002-2271-9855
Phone +32 472412507
Email lisa.goudman@vub.be

Study information

Primary study designInterventional
AllocationRandomized controlled trial
MaskingOpen (masking not used)
ControlActive
AssignmentCrossover
PurposeTreatment
Scientific titleIntrathecal pump refills at home or at the hospital: a randomized controlled crossover trial
Study acronymIMPROVE
Study objectivesThe IMPROVE study is a randomized, controlled, cross-over trial designed to compare intrathecal pump refills performed at home with those carried out in the hospital. Intrathecal drug delivery (IDD) is used in patients with chronic pain or severe spasticity. Use of IDD requires the performance of pump refills about 4-6 times a year which may be a burdensome and stressful experience for patients and their caregivers. Hospital visits can increase stress, pain, and caregiver strain, while early pilot studies suggest home-based refills may be both safe and more comfortable.
Ethics approval(s)

Approved 03/09/2025, UZ Brussel/VUB (Laarbeeklaan 101, Jette, 1090, Belgium; +32 24774111; ethiek@uzbrussel.be), ref: 1432025000188

Health condition(s) or problem(s) studiedIntrathecal pump refill procedures
InterventionEighty-two adult patients in Belgium with an implanted intrathecal pump will be enrolled in the IMPROVE study. Each participant will undergo four refill procedures: two at home and two at the hospital, in randomized order.

To ensure allocation concealment, the randomization sequence was generated in advance and stored in a secure, access-restricted Excel log. Study duration contains 4 refill procedures for every patient, which entails max. 12 months.
Intervention typeOther
Primary outcome measure(s)
  1. Patient Comfort measured using General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ) at at baseline and after each of the four refill procedures (postprocedural) through study completion
Key secondary outcome measure(s)
  1. Quality of life measured using the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire (MQOL) at at baseline and after each of the four refill procedures (postprocedural) through study completion
  2. Health-related quality of life measured using the EuroQol with five dimensions and five levels (EQ-5D-5L) at at baseline and after each of the four refill procedures (postprocedural) through study completion
  3. Pain intensity measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS - 100 mm) in electronic format at at baseline and after each of the four refill procedures (postprocedural) through study completion
  4. Pain interference in social, cognitive, emotional, physical, and recreational activities measured using the NIH-funded Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pain Interference measure at at baseline and after each of the four refill procedures (postprocedural) through study completion
  5. Stress measured using Saliva samples will be collected to measure cortisol levels with synthetic salivettes at 5 minutes before the refill, immediately after the refill and 10 minutes after the refill procedure.
  6. Anxiety measured using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). at at baseline and after each of the four refill procedures (postprocedural) through study completion
  7. Self-efficacy measured using the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) Scale at at baseline and after each of the four refill procedures (postprocedural) through study completion
  8. Caregiver burden measured using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) questionnaire at at baseline and after each of the four refill procedures (postprocedural) through study completion
  9. Patient satisfaction measured using seven-point Likert scale at after each of the four refill procedures (postprocedural) through study completion
  10. Tele-monitoring quality measured using using three different Likert scales to score 1) quality of audio, 2) quality of video, and 3) overall quality of the teleconsultation at after each refill procedure at home (2 times)
  11. Duration of refill measured using stopwatch at during each refill procedure (4 times)
  12. Patients will evaluate the overall safety of the procedure measured using a seven-point Likert scale. In addition, the researcher will assess safety on three levels: (1) overall perceived safety of the procedure using a seven-point Likert scale; (2) environmental safety, assessed through an open-ended question addressing any situations perceived as unsafe; and (3) the ability to perform the procedure in a clean and sterile manner, also evaluated via an open-ended question. at during and after each refill procedure (4 times)
  13. Health expenditure measured using hospital claims data. All other healthcare-related costs will be gathered through telephone interviews with patients at four weeks after first refill and four weeks after second refill procedure.
  14. Patient preference measured using by asking patients to indicate their preference (refill at home, refill in the hospital, no preference or other) for the location of their refills in the future at after the fourth refill procedure at study completion
  15. Preferences across several scenarios measured using a discrete choice experiment at after the fourth refill procedure at study completion
Completion date01/10/2028

Eligibility

Participant type(s)
Age groupMixed
Lower age limit18 Years
Upper age limit120 Years
SexAll
Target sample size at registration82
Key inclusion criteria1. Actively receiving Intrathecal drug delivery
2. Stable medication dosage for at least 3 months
3. Dutch, French or English speaking adults
Key exclusion criteria1. Life expectancy < 6 months
2. Patients planned for but not yet received Intrathecal drug delivery implant
3. No residence in Belgium
Date of first enrolment15/10/2025
Date of final enrolment01/10/2027

Locations

Countries of recruitment

  • Belgium

Study participating centres

Results and Publications

Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to shareNo
IPD sharing plan summaryNot expected to be made available
IPD sharing plan

Editorial Notes

19/11/2025: Internal review.
18/11/2025: Trial's existence confirmed by UZ Brussel/VUB.