The AKI Risk In Derby (ARID) study

ISRCTN	ISRCTN25405995
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN25405995
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT)	Nil known
Clinical Trials Information System (CTIS)	Nil known
Protocol serial number	13864
Sponsor	Derby Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (UK)
Funders	The Bupa Foundation (UK), British Renal Society, Kidney Research UK

Submission date: 15/01/2014
Registration date: 06/03/2014
Last edited: 24/01/2025

Recruitment status: No longer recruiting
Overall study status: Ongoing
Condition category: Urological and Genital Diseases

Prospectively registered

Protocol

Statistical analysis plan

Results

Individual participant data

Plain English summary of protocol

Background and study aims
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) refers to an abrupt drop in kidney function and is often seen in unwell patients who require hospitalisation. In the short term, AKI increases the complexity and duration of treatment and reduces the chance of patient survival. In many patients that do recover, there is also an improvement in kidney function. It is possible that episodes of AKI may have effects on patients in the longer term, leading to kidney damage over time or reducing long-term survival. There is a lack of good quality research in this area. This study intends to find out the long-term effects of AKI on the development and progression of long-term kidney disease as well as the effects of AKI on patient survival.

Who can participate?
Hospitalised patients with similar characteristics, one group who did sustain AKI and one group who did not.

What does the study involve?
Patients will be identified through routine blood tests to measure kidney function that were collected during their hospital stay. They will be invited to participate in the study about three months after these blood tests were taken, by which time they will have recovered from their hospital stay. We will then collect three routine blood tests to measure kidney function: the first at the start of the study (i.e., three months after the episode of AKI to assess the degree of recovery of kidney function); the second at nine months (1 year after the episode of AKI) and the third at 33 months (three years after the episode of AKI). These blood tests can be taken in the community at the patients GP surgery or local blood-taking clinic. Samples from all three blood and urine tests will be stored for further testing. Stored samples will be disposed of at the end of the study. We will confirm the medical details of patients from hospital records and we will monitor health status (including cause of death for any patients who die) through the records kept at the NHS Information Centre.

What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
Taking part in this study will ensure that the patients kidney function is monitored regularly. This will allow us to pick up any abnormalities and respond to them. The results will be reviewed by our researchers and a specialist doctor. Their GPs will be given advice about how to respond to abnormal results. There are no major disadvantages, risks or side effects. The blood tests will take about 5 minutes of your time and there may be a small amount of discomfort.

Where is the study run from?
The Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, UK.

When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
The study started in March 2013 and is expected to run for two years.

Who is funding the study?
1. The Bupa Foundation (UK)
2. British Renal Society (UK)
3. Kidney Research (UK)

Who is the main contact?
Dr Nick Selby
nick.selby@nhs.net

Contact information

Dr Nick Selby
Scientific

Uttoxeter Road
Derby
DE22 3NE
United Kingdom

ORCID ID	0000-0003-0351-8326

Study information

Primary study design	Observational
Study design	Non-randomized; Observational; Design type: Case-controlled study
Secondary study design	Case-control study
Study type	Participant information sheet
Scientific title	Defining the long-term consequences of acute kidney injury: the AKI Risk In Derby (ARID) study
Study acronym	ARID
Study objectives	The research questions that the study has been designed to address are as follows: 1. Does AKI lead to the onset or progression of chronic kidney disease? 2. Does AKI increase the risk of cardiovascular events? 3. Does AKI confer an increased risk of long-term mortality? 4. Can we develop strategies to identify those patients at higher risk of worse long-term outcomes following an episode of AKI?
Ethics approval(s)	Approved 06/12/2021, Derbyshire Research Ethics Committee (2 Redman Place, Stratford, London, E20 1JQ, United Kingdom; +44 207 104 8236; derby.rec@hra.nhs.uk), ref: 12/EM/0441
Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied	Topic: Renal and Urogenital; Subtopic: Renal and Urogenital (all Subtopics); Disease: Renal
Intervention	Patients will be identified through routine blood tests to measure kidney function collected during their hospital stay. They will be invited to participate in the study at least two months after these blood tests, by which time they will have recovered from their hospital stay. We will collect three routine blood and urine samples to measure kidney function: the first at recruitment (3 months after the episode of AKI to assess the degree of recovery of renal function); the second at 9 months (1 year after the AKI) and the third at 33 months (three years after the AKI). These samples can be collected in the community at the patient's GP surgery or local blood-taking clinic. We will retain samples for further testing. We will confirm medical details of patients from hospital records and we will monitor health status (including cause of death for any patients who die) through the records kept at the NHS Information Centre.
Intervention type	Other
Primary outcome measure(s)	Current primary outcome measures as of 28/03/2017: Mortality, progression to a combined renal end point (initiation of RRT, GFR<15ml/min/1.73m2, doubling of serum creatinine) at one, three, five and ten years. Previous primary outcome measures: CKD progression; Timepoint(s): 1 year and 3 years
Key secondary outcome measure(s)	Current secondary outcome measures as of 28/03/2017: CKD progession defined as ≥25% decline in eGFR plus decline in eGFR stage measred at one, three and five years. Previous secondary outcome measures: Mortality; Timepoint(s): 1, 3 and 5 years
Completion date	14/04/2026

Eligibility

Participant type(s)	Patient
Age group	Adult
Lower age limit	18 Years
Upper age limit	85 Years
Sex	All
Target sample size at registration	1084
Total final enrolment	1125
Key inclusion criteria	1. Age 18-85 years 2. Recent inpatient at Royal Derby Hospital during which a blood test was sent to assess kidney function, and was classified either as AKI or as NAKI (screened for possible AKI but who did not sustain AKI)
Key exclusion criteria	1. Inability/refusal to give informed consent to participate 2. Language barrier that prevents informed postal consent 3. Death during the same hospital admission that AKI occurred 4. Receiving palliative care
Date of first enrolment	23/04/2013
Date of final enrolment	14/04/2016

Locations

Countries of recruitment

United Kingdom
England

Study participating centre

Royal Derby Hospital

Uttoxeter Road
Derby
DE22 3NE
United Kingdom

Results and Publications

Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to share	Yes
IPD sharing plan summary	Available on request
IPD sharing plan	The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are/will be available upon request from Dr Nicholas Selby at Nicholas.Selby@notthingham.ac.uk

Study outputs

Output type	Details	Date created	Date added	Peer reviewed?	Patient-facing?
Results article		21/08/2023	24/01/2025	Yes	No
HRA research summary			28/06/2023	No	No
Interim results article		21/08/2023	07/11/2023	Yes	No
Interim results article		01/05/2022	07/11/2023	Yes	No
Interim results article		01/02/2023	07/11/2023	Yes	No
Interim results article		26/05/2022	07/11/2023	Yes	No
Participant information sheet	Participant information sheet	11/11/2025	11/11/2025	No	Yes
Protocol file	version v1	04/12/2015	22/07/2020	No	No
Study website	Study website	11/11/2025	11/11/2025	No	Yes

Additional files

ISRCTN25405995_PROTOCOL_v1.4_Dec2015.pdf: uploaded 22/07/2020

Editorial Notes

24/01/2025: Publication reference added.
07/11/2023: The following changes were made to the trial record:
1. Publication references added.
2. The total final enrolment was added.
22/07/2020: The following changes were made to the trial record:
1. Uploaded protocol (not peer reviewed) as an additional file.
2. The trial website was added.
28/03/2017: Recruitment dates changed from 25/03/2013 - 25/03/2015 to 23/04/2013 - 14/04/2016. The study end date changed from 25/03/2015 to 14/04/2026. Added the British Renal Society and Kidney Research UK as funders.
15/03/2017: No publications found in PubMed, verifying study status with principal investigator.
22/05/2014: The target number of participants was changed from 1802 to 1084.