The effects of a restraint minimisation education programme on physical restraints use, staff knowledge, attitudes and perceived job strain

ISRCTN	ISRCTN36604462
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN36604462
Protocol serial number	N/A
Sponsor	Umeå University (Sweden)
Funders	Lions Research Foundation for Age Related Diseases (Sweden), King Gustaf V's and Queen Victoria's Freemason Foundation (Sweden), The Field Research Centre for the Elderly in Västerbotten (Sweden), The Swedisch Research Council (Grant ref: K2005-27-VX-15357-01A)(Sweden)

Submission date: 18/04/2008
Registration date: 12/06/2008
Last edited: 12/06/2008

Recruitment status: No longer recruiting
Overall study status: Completed
Condition category: Mental and Behavioural Disorders

Prospectively registered

Protocol

Statistical analysis plan

Results

Individual participant data

Record updated in last year

Plain English summary of protocol

Not provided at time of registration

Contact information

Dr Stig Karlsson
Scientific

Umeå University
Umeå
SE-90187
Sweden

Phone	+46 90 7869259
Email	stig.karlsson@nurs.umu.se

Study information

Primary study design	Interventional
Study design	Cluster randomised controlled trial.
Secondary study design	Randomised controlled trial
Scientific title
Study objectives	It is hypothesised that an educational intervention in group dwellings for persons with dementia will increase staff knowledge about and change their attitudes towards the use of physical restraints. This will lead to a reduction in physical restraints use which in turn will have an positive effect on staffs' perceived job strain.
Ethics approval(s)	Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of Umeå University. Date of approval: 12/03/2002 (ref: Section 92/02, dnr 02-105)
Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied	Use of physical restraints in group dwellings.
Intervention	The intervention consisted of an education programme for the nursing staff (registered nurses, licensed practical nurses and nurse aid). The content of the programme included dementia diseases, symptoms, treatment and related complications, fall prevention, prevention and treatment of delirium, interaction and communication in dementia care and negative effects of, alternatives to and legislation directing the use of physical restraints. First, the head-nurse at each intervention unit selected one person who underwent the whole education programme compressed during two seminar days. Remaining staff received their education via 30-minute videotaped lectures. Three of the lectures also included a clinical written vignettes forming the basis for group discussions. At each unit it was up to the staff to make arrangements for watching the films and if desired to arrange group discussions. Each unit was responsible for making arrangements for taking part of the lectures and if desired to arrange group discussions. The education programme ran alongside ordinary work at the units without further involvement of the researchers besides distribution of the video taped lectures and data collection. In the education programme the emphasis was on the importance of investigating the underlying causes instead of working in a symptom-oriented manner e.g. a resident that have sustained a fall accident should be investigated for the cause of the fall instead of just using physical restraints. The staff was encouraged to use physical restraints only as the last resort. The intervention/education programme was carried out over six months. The control units did not receive any interventions during the study period; they did receive interventions after the study was completed.
Intervention type	Other
Primary outcome measure(s)	Residents: 1. Physical restraints were recorded daily for each patient, for three weeks before interventions, and then until the end of interventions (6 months). The information recorded include type of physical restraints used, hours restrained and reasons for restraining. Outcomes concerning staff, measured before interventions and at 6 months: 1. Staff knowledge about current legislation, measured by a seven-item index score ranging between 0-7 (higher values indicate higher knowledge) 2. Staff subjective knowledge relating to care of people with dementia, measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS) 3. Staff attitudes, measured by the 17-item Perceptions of Restraint Use Questionnaire (PRUQ) 4. Job strain, measured by three instruments: 4.1. The Job-Demand and Social Support Questionnaire 4.2. Stress of Conscience Questionnaire 4.3. Caring climate, measured by a VAS
Key secondary outcome measure(s)	Outcomes concerning residents: 1. Fall accidents, recorded during the whole study period (8 months [1 month prior to interventions, 6 months during interventions and 1 month after interventions) 2. Psychoactive drug use, assessed before interventions and at 6 months 3. Motor function, vision, hearing and speech, assessed by the Multi-Dimensional Dementia Assessment Scale (MDDAS) before interventions and at 6 months. MDDAS included the Activity of Daily Living (ADL) functions and behavioural and psychiatric symptoms questionnaire. Gottfries cognitive level questionnaire (subscale to the MDDAS) was used for the measurement of cognitive level. Staff characteristics: 4. Demography 5. Education level 6. Years worked 7. Evaluation of the intervention, carried out within one week after the end of intervention
Completion date	01/06/2006

Eligibility

Participant type(s)	Patient
Age group	Senior
Sex	All
Target sample size at registration	320
Key inclusion criteria	Residents (both men and women) living in group dwellings for persons with dementia, which have at least 20% of the residents restrained.
Key exclusion criteria	Units with less than 20% of the residents restrained.
Date of first enrolment	01/02/2005
Date of final enrolment	01/06/2006

Locations

Countries of recruitment

Sweden

Study participating centre

Umeå University

Umeå
SE-90187
Sweden

Results and Publications

Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to share	No
IPD sharing plan summary	Not provided at time of registration
IPD sharing plan