Efficacy of calcium-enriched mixture cement, mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide used as direct pulp capping agents in deep carious lesions - a randomised clinical trial.
| ISRCTN | ISRCTN44317435 |
|---|---|
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN44317435 |
| ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT) | Nil Known |
| Clinical Trials Information System (CTIS) | Nil known |
| Protocol serial number | Nil known |
| Sponsor | Government Dental College |
| Funder | Investigator initiated and funded |
- Submission date
- 21/06/2022
- Registration date
- 11/08/2022
- Last edited
- 17/09/2024
- Recruitment status
- No longer recruiting
- Overall study status
- Completed
- Condition category
- Oral Health
Plain English summary of protocol
Background and study aims
Preservation and maintenance of the life of the tooth by promoting healing of the pulp is one objective in Endodontics. Historically, the placement of a medicament or material against the exposed pulp during the removal of tooth decay has been considered controversial, and instead, root canal therapy has been recommended. Root canal therapy involves the removal of the entire tooth pulp to eliminate pain. But during this procedure, the tooth is literally becoming dead. Multiple appointments, painful procedures, the need for multiple X rays, the need for a dental crown and increased treatment expenses are other drawbacks of this procedure. Furthermore in this procedure, the pulp is not given an opportunity to heal.
The purpose of this study is to add knowledge to the existing literature in the field of Vital Pulp Therapy about the effectiveness of CEM cement, MTA, and Calcium hydroxide in maintaining the life of the wounded pulp by promoting healing and repair when applied over the pulp after removal of the entire decayed portion.
Who can participate?
Patients aged 14 – 60 years with tooth decay affecting the tooth pulp, causing inflammation.
What does the study involve?
The teeth are divided into 3 groups of 50 patients each.
1. Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM cement) applied to the pulpal wound after removal of tooth decay.
2. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) applied to the pulpal wound after removal of tooth decay.
3. Calcium Hydroxide (Dycal) applied to the pulpal wound after removal of tooth decay.
The treated tooth will be filled permanently using tooth coloured filling in the same appointment.
The treated tooth will be evaluated for any pain or discomfort at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 18 months after the procedure. In the event of any pain or discomfort root canal treatment will be done.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
A successful direct pulp capping procedure will preserve the vitality of the dental pulp thereby eliminating the need for more invasive treatment options like root canal therapy or extraction of the caries exposed tooth. Possible risks involve worsening of pain that may require root canal therapy of the involved tooth.
Where is the study run from?
Department of Conservative dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College Kozhikode (India)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
November 2011 to September 2012
Who is funding the study?
Investigator initiated and funded
Who is the main contact?
Dr Mridula Parameswaran, mridulatdc@gmail.com
Contact information
Principal investigator
Department of Conservative dentistry and Endodontics
Government Dental college
Thiruvananthapuram
695011
India
 ORCID ID |
0000-0002-9289-7593 |
|---|---|
| Phone | +91 9447450482 |
| mridulatdc@gmail.com |
Study information
| Primary study design | Interventional |
|---|---|
| Study design | Interventional randomized controlled trial |
| Secondary study design | Randomised controlled trial |
| Study type | Participant information sheet |
| Scientific title | Comparative evaluation of calcium enriched mixture (CEM cement) with mineral trioxide aggregate and calcium hydroxide used as direct pulp capping agents- an in vivo study |
| Study acronym | CECMCD |
| Study objectives | Is there any difference in the efficacy of Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM) cement in maintaining pulp vitality following direct pulp capping of carious teeth with reversible pulpitis when compared to Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Calcium Hydroxide? |
| Ethics approval(s) | Approved 21/03/2011, Institutional Ethics Committee Government Dental College Kozhikode (673008 Kerala, India; +91 9447776977; no email provided), ref: ECR/673/Inst/KL/2014/RR-20 |
| Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied | Patients complaining of pain in relation to deep carious lesions while having food or drinks diagnosed clinically and radiographically to be having reversible pulpitis. |
| Intervention | The study includes 150 patients selected from the Out Patient Department Of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Govt. Dental College Kozhikode with symptoms of reversible pulpitis in relation to deep carious lesions in close proximity to the pulp. The teeth are divided into 3 groups of 50 patients each. Randomisation was done by drawing lots. Group C (Experimental group) – Direct pulp capping with Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM cement) Group M (Control group)- Direct pulp capping with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) Group D (Control Group)- Direct pulp capping with Calcium Hydroxide (Dycal) Capping material overlaid with a thin protective layer of self curing glass ionomer base followed by permanent restoration with direct posterior composite resin immediately. Recall examinations at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 18 months intervals. |
| Intervention type | Procedure/Surgery |
| Primary outcome measure(s) |
The criteria for success and failure of direct pulp capping were assessed based on clinical and radiographic findings at each of the follow-up periods at 1 month,3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 18 months in comparison to the preoperative clinical and radiographic data. |
| Key secondary outcome measure(s) |
At 1 month,3 months, 6 months, 12 months and 18 months |
| Completion date | 21/09/2012 |
Eligibility
| Participant type(s) | Patient |
|---|---|
| Age group | Adult |
| Sex | All |
| Target sample size at registration | 150 |
| Total final enrolment | 150 |
| Key inclusion criteria | 1. Teeth having deep carious lesion approximating the pulp. 2. Have symptoms of reversible pulpitis which includes provoked pain of short duration which was relieved upon removal of the stimulus in relation to the carious tooth. 3. No history of spontaneous pain or tenderness to percussion. 4. Patients in the age group of 14- 60 years who are apparently healthy and free of any systemic disease and are not under any medication. 5. Good oral health. 6. Positive response to cold test and electric pulp test 7. Periapical Index Score (PAI) = 1 indicating normal periradicular structures. 8. Teeth which are not subjected to traumatic or abnormal functional stresses. 9. Absence of any non carious destructions and developmental defects 10. No appreciable mobility to finger pressure 11. No clinical or radiographic evidence of pulp degeneration 12. Absence of profuse haemorrhage from the exposure site. 13. Absence of serous or purulent exudates from the exposure site. 14. Control of haemorrhage is possible at the exposure site in less than 5 minutes |
| Key exclusion criteria | 1. Patients with compromised immune status 2. Patients who are pregnant at the time of follow-up 3. Caries have extensively penetrated the pulp chamber 4. Tooth showing symptoms of irreversible pulpitis 5. Bleeding from the exposure site persists for more than 5 minutes |
| Date of first enrolment | 22/03/2011 |
| Date of final enrolment | 21/09/2012 |
Locations
Countries of recruitment
- India
Study participating centre
Kerala
Kozhikode
673008
India
Results and Publications
| Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to share | No |
|---|---|
| IPD sharing plan summary | Not expected to be made available |
| IPD sharing plan | The datasets generated during and analysed during the current study are not expected to be made available due to confidentiality of patient data |
Study outputs
| Output type | Details | Date created | Date added | Peer reviewed? | Patient-facing? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results article | 13/07/2023 | 17/09/2024 | Yes | No | |
| Participant information sheet | Participant information sheet | 11/11/2025 | 11/11/2025 | No | Yes |
Editorial Notes
17/09/2024: Publication reference added.
22/06/2022: Trial's existence confirmed by Government Dental College, Kozhikode
