Embedding Diabetes Education (RCT)
| ISRCTN | ISRCTN23474120 |
|---|---|
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN23474120 |
| Secondary identifying numbers | CPMS 37222 |
- Submission date
- 26/03/2018
- Registration date
- 05/04/2018
- Last edited
- 13/02/2025
- Recruitment status
- No longer recruiting
- Overall study status
- Completed
- Condition category
- Nutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine
Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
This study is part of a complex research project aiming to increase the number of people with type 2 diabetes who go to self-management education programmes. Diabetes is a serious and progressive disease which can lead to complications like heart attacks, stroke, kidney failure, and a shorter lifespan. Managing diabetes well is the key to living a healthy life and self-management education programmes are the best way to gain the knowledge and skills necessary to live well with diabetes. This study is not about testing a particular diabetes education programme, as very good evidence about these programmes already exists. The researchers will be working with education providers, CCG staff (local NHS providers of primary healthcare) and 66 GP practices to improve the opportunities provided for people with diabetes to attend education programmes.
Who can participate?
Patients aged 18 and over with type 2 diabetes who are registered at participating practices
What does the study involve?
Participating practices are randomly allocated to either the immediate group or the wait-list group. The immediate group provide usual care data at the start of the study and then receive the intervention immediately. The wait-list group also provide usual care data at the start of the study and receive the intervention at a later date. The intervention involves a package of support and resources, the ‘Embedding Package’, developed in an earlier part of the research project. The Embedding package deals with a wide variety of needs, from training GPs and nurses in how to explain the benefits of diabetes education, to improving the way that information about diabetes education is made available in local communities. It also includes a skilled person described as an ‘Embedder’ to support both providers and practices with ideas and skills. Information is collected from patients and healthcare staff through a variety of different methods, including a patient questionnaire, interviews, observations and electronic patient data. Through this data the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and sustainability of the Embedding Package is assessed in comparison with usual care.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
The benefits for practices and providers taking part is that they receive access to the evidence-based embedding package and to the Embedders who work with them to ensure all possible avenues for increasing uptake are explored and tested over the course of the study. The Embedders are available to each provider service for about 1 day per week, this work will in the main be remote working. This helps provider organisations and referring practices to see the following benefits: increased capacity (decrease in nurse time and appointments required by patients), informed patients (leading to better quality appointments), help to better achieving treatment targets, assisting the practice in meeting the Improvement and Assessment Framework (IAF) targets, help to fulfil National Diabetes Audit (NDA) requirements in primary care, and improvements in coding of referral and uptake to structure education. Access to the Embedding Package (minus the Embedders/personnel) will also be available indefinitely after the study. Benefits for patients are that they will be helping the researchers to understand the current picture of diabetes education in a more rounded way, as rather than just relying on information from GP systems the researchers will ask patients to give their thoughts and current understanding. Risks for the patients are minimal as all data provided by them in questionnaires is anonymised and is only identifiable if permission is granted by them through the use of a pseudonymised-scrambled NHS number, which without the algorithm for unlocking is a meaningless 64-digit code. The risks for practices and providers is minimal – some time will be required to help the Embedders gather an understanding of the current local landscape for diabetes education and where possible to support the work of the Embedder throughout the course of the study.
Where is the study run from?
University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust (UK)
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
December 2017 to January 2021
Who is funding the study?
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (UK)
Who is the main contact?
Agnieszka Glab
Agnieszka.Glab@uhl-tr.nhs.uk
Contact information
Scientific
Mulberry Room, Air Wing
Leicester Diabetes Centre
Leicester General Hospital
Leicester
LE5 4PW
United Kingdom
| Agnieszka.Glab@uhl-tr.nhs.uk |
Study information
| Study design | Randomized; Both; Design type: Process of Care, Education or Self-Management, Complex Intervention, Management of Care, Qualitative |
|---|---|
| Primary study design | Interventional |
| Secondary study design | Cluster randomised trial |
| Study setting(s) | GP practice |
| Study type | Treatment |
| Participant information sheet | ISRCTN23474120_PIS_22Jan2018_V2.0_EOI.docx |
| Scientific title | Evaluating the impact of an intervention to increase uptake of self-management education programmes for type 2 diabetes in primary care: a wait-list cluster randomised controlled trial |
| Study hypothesis | Diabetes is a serious and progressive disease which can lead to complications like heart attacks, stroke, kidney failure, and a shorter span of life. Managing diabetes well is the key to living a healthy life and self-management education programmes are the best way to gain the knowledge and skills necessary to live well with diabetes. So this study is particularly relevant to anyone with diabetes, as well as the general public. This study is part of a complex research project aiming to increase the number of people with type 2 diabetes who go to self-management education programmes. |
| Ethics approval(s) | West Midlands – Edgbaston REC, 05/02/2018, ref: 18/WM/0036 |
| Condition | Type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| Intervention | Randomisation is at practice-level stratified by CCG and will be performed prior to baseline in a 1:1 fashion to either the immediate group or the wait-list group. The immediate group will provide usual care data at baseline and will then receive the intervention immediately. The wait-list group also provide usual care data at baseline and will NOT receive the intervention after 9 months. This study is not about testing a particular diabetes education programme; very good evidence about these programmes already exists. The trialists will be working with education providers, CCG staff (local NHS providers of primary healthcare) and 66 GP practices to improve the opportunities provided for people with diabetes to attend education programmes. They will offer a package of support and resources, the ‘Embedding Package’, developed in an earlier part of the research project. The Embedding Package deals with a wide variety of needs, from training GPs and nurses in how to explain the benefits of diabetes education to improving the way that information about diabetes education is made available in local communities etc. It also includes a skilled person described as an ‘Embedder’ to support both providers and practices with ideas and skills. The trialists will collect information from patients with type 2 diabetes and healthcare staff through a variety of different methods, including a patient questionnaire, interviews and observations and pseudonymised electronic patient data. Through this data the study will assess the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and sustainability of the Embedding Package in comparison to usual care. The total study is 30 months: Month 0 – baseline data extraction and randomisation Month 0-9 – immediate arm receive intervention Month 9-18 – immediate and wait-list arm receive intervention Month 18-30 – both arms going into Sustainability phase of the study – the Embedder personnel are removed but access to website (embedding toolkit) is still available to all sites |
| Intervention type | Other |
| Primary outcome measure | Patient-level HbA1c compared between the control (months 0-3 in immediate group and months 0-12 in wait-list group) and intervention (months 3-21 in immediate group and 12-21 in wait-list group) conditions in the RCT |
| Secondary outcome measures | Measured at month 0 (baseline), Month 0-9, Month 9-18 and Month 18-30: 1. Body mass index, if not available in GP system calculated from weight and height 2. Weight and height, as per method recorded in GP system 3. Total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, as per method recorded in GP system 4. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as per method recorded in GP system 5. Glucose, blood pressure and lipid lowering medications, as per method recorded in GP system 6. Smoking status, as per method recorded in GP system 7. Hospital admissions, as per method recorded in GP system – using appropriate Read-code to identify 8. QRisk2 score (a measure of cardiovascular risk), as per method recorded in GP system Secondary process outcomes: 1. Whether or not the patient was referred to and attended, measured using Read-code from GP system at Month 0 (baseline), Month 0-9, Month 9-18 and Month 18-30; self-reported by patient in questionnaire at beginning of study; on receipt of self-report from patients education providers will be asked (will vary per site) 2. Percentage of eligible individuals referred to education, measured using Read-code from GP system at Month 0 (baseline), Month 0-9, Month 9-18 and Month 18-30 3. Percentage of eligible individuals who attended education, measured using Read-code from GP system at Month 0 (baseline), Month 0-9, Month 9-18 and Month 18-30 4. Percentage of eligible individuals who declined education, measured using Read-code from GP system at Month 0 (baseline), Month 0-9, Month 9-18 and Month 18-30 5. Number, timing and venue of available education sessions, measured using education provider questionnaire monthly 6. Number of trained educators, measured using education provider questionnaire monthly Secondary psychosocial and process outcomes: 1. Where the patient has previously received diabetes information from, measured using self-report questionnaire at single time-point during month 0-9 2. Patient Activation Measure, measured using validated P.A.M questionnaire at single time-point during month 0-9 3. Well-being, measured using validated W-BQ12 questionnaire at single time-point during month 0-9 4. Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) score, measured using the validated PAID questionnaire at single time-point during month 0-9 |
| Overall study start date | 01/12/2017 |
| Overall study end date | 28/02/2022 |
Eligibility
| Participant type(s) | Patient |
|---|---|
| Age group | Adult |
| Lower age limit | 18 Years |
| Sex | Both |
| Target number of participants | Planned Sample Size: 2000; UK Sample Size: 2000 |
| Total final enrolment | 2308 |
| Participant inclusion criteria | Patients – data extraction and mail-out: All patients registered at a participating practice and meeting the following eligibility criteria will have pseudonymised one line per patient data extracted, and will be mailed an invitation pack which includes an invitation letter, PIS and questionnaire booklet. The questionnaire booklet contains a self-report questionnaire and a consent form which gives patients the option to have their questionnaire responses linked to their attendance data in their practice and Provider records. Patient inclusion criteria: 1. Registered at a participating practice 2. Aged ≥18 years old 3. Coded in their primary care medical record as diagnosed with T2DM before or during the study period (to be reassessed at each data extraction point) 4. Willing and able to provide informed consent (Applicable to optional consent form and questionnaire booklet only) 5. Able to understand written English to a level sufficient to enable an understanding of the research and their participation within it (applicable to optional consent form and questionnaire booklet only) Patients – ethnographic sub-study: Patients who express an interest to participate in the ethnographic sub-study and meet the following eligibility criteria will be eligible for the ethnographic sub-study Patient inclusion criteria: 1. Meet all of the above patient eligibility criteria 2. Is able to attend the practice unaided or with a carer or support (applicable to observations of consultations only) |
| Participant exclusion criteria | Practice exclusion criteria: 1. Unable to make contact with practice manager or equivalent Patient exclusion criteria - data extraction and mail-out: 1. Coded in their primary care medical records as having a terminal illness 2. Coded in their primary care medical records as housebound or in residential care 3. A dissent code in their primary care medical records for researcher to access clinical data Patient exclusion criteria - ethnographic sub-study: 1. Unable to understand spoken English to a level sufficient to enable an understanding of the research and their participation within it Stakeholder exclusion criteria: 1. Unable to understand written and spoken English to a level sufficient to enable an understanding of the research and their participation within it |
| Recruitment start date | 01/05/2018 |
| Recruitment end date | 01/11/2021 |
Locations
Countries of recruitment
- England
- United Kingdom
Study participating centre
Gwendolen Road
Leicester
LE5 4PW
United Kingdom
Sponsor information
University/education
Research & Enterprise Division
Fielding Johnson Building
University Road
Leicester
LE1 7RH
England
United Kingdom
| Phone | +44 (0)116 223 1369 |
|---|---|
| uolsponsor@le.ac.uk | |
"ROR" |
https://ror.org/04h699437 |
Funders
Funder type
Government
No information available
Results and Publications
| Intention to publish date | 01/03/2024 |
|---|---|
| Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to share | No |
| IPD sharing plan summary | Not expected to be made available |
| Publication and dissemination plan | Planned publication in a high-impact peer-reviewed journal in approximately Summer 2021. Additionally a baseline paper is being considered for publication in early 2019. |
| IPD sharing plan | The data that supports the findings of this trial will not be publicly available as consent for data sharing was not obtained. |
Study outputs
| Output type | Details | Date created | Date added | Peer reviewed? | Patient-facing? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participant information sheet | version V2.0 | 22/01/2018 | 05/04/2018 | No | Yes |
| Participant information sheet | version V2.0 | 22/01/2018 | 05/04/2018 | No | Yes |
| Participant information sheet | version V2.0 | 22/01/2018 | 05/04/2018 | No | Yes |
| Protocol file | version V1.0 | 14/12/2017 | 05/04/2018 | No | No |
| Protocol article | protocol | 07/11/2019 | 11/11/2019 | Yes | No |
| HRA research summary | 20/09/2023 | No | No | ||
| Results article | 25/04/2024 | 26/04/2024 | Yes | No | |
| Other publications | Cost-utility analysis | 11/02/2025 | 13/02/2025 | Yes | No |
Additional files
- ISRCTN23474120_PIS_22Jan2018_V2.0_EOI.docx
- Uploaded 05/04/2018
- ISRCTN23474120_PIS_22Jan2018_V2.0_Patient.docx
- Uploaded 05/04/2018
- ISRCTN23474120_PIS_22Jan2018_V2.0_Stakeholder.docx
- Uploaded 05/04/2018
- ISRCTN23474120_PROTOCOL_14Dec2017_V1.0.pdf
- Uploaded 05/04/2018
Editorial Notes
13/02/2025: Publication reference added.
26/04/2024: Publication reference added.
12/12/2023: The intention to publish date was changed from 01/12/2023 to 01/03/2024.
20/09/2023: A link to the HRA research summary was added.
07/03/2023: The intention to publish date was changed from 01/08/2022 to 01/12/2023. Total final enrolment and IPD sharing statement added.
19/07/2021: The intention to publish date was changed from 01/07/2021 to 01/08/2022.
16/06/2020: The following changes were made to the trial record:
1. Due to current public health guidance, recruitment for this study has been paused.
2. The recruitment end date was changed from 01/11/2020 to 01/11/2021.
3. The overall end date was changed from 31/01/2021 to 28/02/2022.
4. The target number of participants was changed from Planned Sample Size: 1050; UK Sample Size: 1050 to Planned Sample Size: 2000; UK Sample Size: 2000.
11/11/2019: Publication reference added.
27/03/2019: The condition has been changed from "Specialty: Diabetes, Primary sub-specialty: Type 2; UKCRC code/ Disease: Metabolic and Endocrine/ Diabetes mellitus" to "Type 2 diabetes mellitus" following a request from the NIHR.
27/06/2018: Updated contact.
05/04/2018: Uploaded protocol Version 2.0 22 January 2018 (not peer-reviewed).
