Evaluating the efficacy of a film based e-intervention designed to reduce intellectual disability stigma in Nigeria and Kenya
| ISRCTN | ISRCTN92574712 |
|---|---|
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN92574712 |
| Secondary identifying numbers | 8807/001 |
- Submission date
- 05/04/2018
- Registration date
- 11/04/2018
- Last edited
- 20/03/2024
- Recruitment status
- No longer recruiting
- Overall study status
- Completed
- Condition category
- Mental and Behavioural Disorders
Plain English Summary
Background and study aims
The consequences of stigma for the well-being of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) have raised public and global health concerns. This study aims to assess the impact of a film based e-intervention designed to challenge stigmatising attitudes among Nigerian and Kenyan internet-users.
Who can participate?
Any adult (18 years or older) person who is English speaking, a Nigerian or Kenyan citizen, and who has access to the internet.
What does the study involve?
The study is a pilot RCT with a repeated measures design conducted as a web survey. Data are collected at three time points (baseline, immediately post intervention (T1), and 1-month follow-up (T2)). It is conducted as an online survey, using Qualtrics. Invitations to participate in the research will be sent by email and adverts about the study will be placed on social media sites. An electronic link will direct participants to the data collection website where they will find more information about the study and the actual survey. Participants will be randomised to watch either a short experimental or control film, while masked to their assignment. Both films will be 6 minutes long – the experimental film features education about intellectual disability and indirect contact, including people with intellectual disabilities talking about their experiences of prejudice. The control film is on an unrelated topic, but matched in length and people featured to the experimental film.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating?
The participants will benefit from increased awareness about intellectual disability and may find the intervention films and questionnaires useful in challenging negative attitudes. Thus, the study is likely not only to benefit participants but people with intellectual disabilities in the participating countries.
Second, it is unlikely that participation in the study will elicit distress in participants. However, it is conceivable that participants who have a family members with an intellectual disability may find some of the material presented distressing as it may resonate with their own experiences of prejudice and discrimination. Participants will be able to end their participation at any time. Information on services for people with intellectual disabilitis and their families in Nigeria and Kenya will be provided as part of a debrief. The respective services are run by collaborators who support this study and provide advocacy and support for people with intellectual disabilities and their families. Participants will also be invited to get in touch with the researchers if they have questions about the material or if they have been affected by the material in anyway.
Where is the study run from?
The study will take place online.
When is the study starting and how long is it expected to run for?
Recruitment of the study started in October 2016 and ran until the end of March 2017.
Who is funding the study?
The study was funded by University College London (Pro-Vice-Provost (Africa and the Middle East) Leadership fund and Research Fudning from the Research Dept of Clincial Educational & Health Psychology).
Who is the main contact?
Dr Katrina Scior PhD ClinPsyD
k.scior@ucl.ac.uk
Contact information
Public
Research Dept of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology
University College London
1-19 Torrington Place
London
WC1E 7HB
United Kingdom
| Phone | 0207-6791845 |
|---|---|
| k.scior@ucl.ac.uk |
Study information
| Study design | Randomised controlled trial |
|---|---|
| Primary study design | Interventional |
| Secondary study design | Randomised controlled trial |
| Study setting(s) | Internet/virtual |
| Study type | Other |
| Scientific title | Efficacy of a film-based e-intervention in reducing intellectual disability stigma among Nigerian and Kenyan Internet users: A randomised control trial. |
| Study hypothesis | 1. We expect that the intervention will result in more favourable attitudes to people with intellectual disabilities in the intervention group compared with the control group, both at the end of the intervention (T1) and at 1-month follow-up (T2). 2. We expect such changes to be observed on all three attitude components to be measured (cognition, affect and behaviour). |
| Ethics approval(s) | UCL Research Ethics Committee Academic Services, 26/05/2016, 8807/001 |
| Condition | Stigmatising attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities in Nigeria and Kenya |
| Intervention | Qualtrics, a web survey platform, will be used to randomly assign participants on a 1:1 ratio (using a block randomisation code embedded within the Qualtrics survey) to the experimental or control condition. This is a two site study. The experimental group will watch a 6-minute film guided by educational and indirect contact approaches. The education segment provides information about intellectual disability, its causes and consequences with an aim to counter stigmatising beliefs known to be common in Africa. This educational segment of the film is delivered by local experts to ensure its credibility. The indirect contact section features people with moderate intellectual disabilities from Nigeria/Kenya, talking about their experiences, hopes and aspirations, and demonstrating their capabilities. It will also highlight the magnitude of stigma they face in their respective countries. Separate films have been produced for the Nigerian and Kenyan studies to ensure credibility of both the experts and people with disabilities. The control film is unrelated to intellectual disability and has been controlled for the following variables: length of film, and social and demographic characteristics of people featured in the film. The lengths of both the experimental and control films is 6 minutes to minimise the impact of poor internet connectivity and to avoid loss of interest among participants. Following the films, participants are asked to complete post-intervention measures, and if they consent will be contacted by email asking them to complete a follow-up survey a month later. |
| Intervention type | Behavioural |
| Primary outcome measure | Attitudes towards Intellectual Disabilities (ATTID) scale, which draws on a multidimensional understanding of attitudes, will be used as primary outcome measure. The ATTID assesses the cognitive, affective, and behavioural components of attitudes across five-factors: two factors (Discomfort and Sensitivity/Tenderness) in the affective dimension; two factors (Knowledge of Causes and Knowledge of Capacity and Rights) in the cognitive dimension; and one factor (Interaction) in the behavioural dimension. This study uses the ATTID short form which consists of 36 items, using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = agree completely to 5 = disagree completely; plus an option of 9 to indicate “I don’t know”/”not applicable”). The causal beliefs listed in the ATTID will be supplemented with three items from the supernatural causes subscale of the Intellectual Disabilities Literacy Scale (IDLS) to tap into superstitious causal attributions common in African countries and implicated in intellectual disability stigma. Measures will be administered at three time points: baseline, post-intervention (T1), and 1-month follow-up (T2). |
| Secondary outcome measures | Socio-demographic data (age, gender, ethnicity, place of residence, religious affiliation, educational attainment, and prior contact with someone with ID) will also be recorded at T1. |
| Overall study start date | 14/04/2015 |
| Overall study end date | 31/07/2017 |
Eligibility
| Participant type(s) | All |
|---|---|
| Age group | Adult |
| Lower age limit | 18 Years |
| Sex | Both |
| Target number of participants | 796 in total |
| Participant inclusion criteria | 1. Aged 18 years or over 2. English speaking 3. Nigerian or Kenyan citizen 4. Internet user |
| Participant exclusion criteria | Does not meet inclusion criteria |
| Recruitment start date | 26/10/2016 |
| Recruitment end date | 31/03/2017 |
Locations
Countries of recruitment
- Kenya
- Nigeria
Study participating centre
Nigeria
Sponsor information
University/education
Research Dept of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology
University College London
Gower Street
London
WC1E 6BT
England
United Kingdom
| Phone | +44 2076791897 |
|---|---|
| k.scior@ucl.ac.uk | |
| Website | https://www.ucl.ac.uk/pals/research/clinical-educational-and-health-psychology/research-groups/ucl-unit-stigma-research-uclus |
"ROR" |
https://ror.org/02jx3x895 |
Funders
Funder type
Not defined
Government organisation / Universities (academic only)
- Alternative name(s)
- University College London in United Kingdom, Collegium Universitatis Londinensis, UCL
- Location
- United Kingdom
Results and Publications
| Intention to publish date | 30/06/2018 |
|---|---|
| Individual participant data (IPD) Intention to share | No |
| IPD sharing plan summary | Not provided at time of registration |
| Publication and dissemination plan | Planned publication in a high-impact peer reviewed journal |
| IPD sharing plan | The datasets analysed during the current study will be available, after deidentification of individual participant data, upon request from the corresponding author (Dr Katrina Scior, k.scior@ucl.ac.uk). To gain access, data requestors will need to provide a methodologically sound proposal, and if approved, sign a data access agreement. Data will be made available from between 3 months to 5 years following publication. |
Study outputs
| Output type | Details | Date created | Date added | Peer reviewed? | Patient-facing? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results article | 05/03/2024 | 20/03/2024 | Yes | No |
Editorial Notes
20/03/2024: Publication reference added.
